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Administrative Draft Environmental Impact Report Gill Medical Center Project bedrock mortars. Non-utilitarian artifacts included pipes and charmstones. Obsidian was highly valued as a raw material for stone tools (Levy 1978). The English adventurer Francis Drake visited the Miwok Native American group at Drake's Bay or Bodega Bay in 1579.The Spanish arrived on the central California coast in 1769, and by 1776 Jose Canizares had explored the Miwok territory bordering the Nisenan on the south. By the time California became a state in 1850, the entirety of the Sierra Miwok territory had been encroached upon by explorers and colonists (Robinson 1948). Gold seekers in California encountered central Sierra Miwok groups in 1848 and encroached the Miwok territory.The tribe suffered greatly, as they lived in the foothills and Sierra Nevada where the gold was largely sought. The culture was disrupted and many customs became matters of memory (Barrett and Gifford 1933). Despite this, Miwok groups continue to live and thrive in the Central Valley and Sierra Nevada foothills. Cultural revitalization is a large focus of current tribal efforts. The California Valley Miwok Tribe has been federally recognized since 1916, and other local Miwok groups include the Buena Vista Rancheria of Mi-wuk Indians, Ione Band of Miwok Indians, Wilton Rancheria, Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation,The United Auburn Indian Community of Auburn Rancheria, and others.These professional tribal community organizations presently work to maintain the health and welfare of their tribal areas, resources, and people. 4.20.2 Regulatory Framework 4.20.2.1 Federal National Historic Preservation Act The NHPA requires that the federal government list significant historic resources on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which is the nation's master inventory of known historic resources.The NRHP is administered by the National Parks Service (NPS) and includes listings of buildings, structures, sites, objects, and districts that possess historic, architectural, engineering, archaeological, or traditional cultural significance at the national, state, or local level.The act defines the responsibilities of federal agencies to protect and preserve historic properties found eligible for or listed in the NRHP. Sections 106 and 110 include specific provisions for the identification and evaluation of these properties for inclusion in the NRHP, such as consulting with interested parties that often include local Native American tribes. Through amendments to the NRHP in 1992 and their implementing regulations, federal responsibilities for consultations with interested parties, and especially Indian tribes, during the Section 106 process were expanded. The result has been a more focused effort by federal agencies to involve interested parties in identifying historic properties of cultural significance and, if warranted, in considering effects that may result from a federal undertaking.Traditional Cultural Properties (TCPs) are more often identified as resources during these consultation efforts. Structures, sites, buildings, districts, and objects over 50 years of age can be listed in the NRHP as significant historic resources. However, properties under 50 years of age that are of exceptional importance or are contributors to a historic district can also be included in the NRHP. In 1990, National Tribal Cultural Resources 4.20-2 October 2021