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APPENDIX B: ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES M-Enterococcus were prepared for the fecal strep- tococcus test. One-hundred-milliliter volumes of Suspended solids analyses (total and volatile) varying sample dilutions (at least 3 different dilu- were performed according to Millipore Bulletin tions/sample) were filtered for each test. Millipore's AB312, (1975) in which the glass fiber filter tech- incubator, which has the ability to maintain a critical nique (drying at 1030-105°C for total solids and narrow temperature range (44.5°C±0.20C), was igniting at 550°C for volatile solids) was used. This used. is basically the same procedure as in Standard Methods The pH of the samples was taken using a Markson (APHA 1975,p.97),except that it is more specific. 1808 probe and an Orion 801 lonalyzer. The probe One modification of this procedure was to momen- was calibrated daily with pH 7.00 and 4.00 buffers. tarily lift the filter from the holder after the sample Values for pH were read after the probe was left in had filtered through and then to replace it for approx- solution 1 minute to ensure consistency. imately one minute. This was necessary to release Nitrate-nitrogen was analyzed on the Technicon a vacuum causing a film of water to remain directly Auto Analyzer 11 (AAII) using Technicon's "Automated under the filter. It was found that if not dried Cadmium Reduction Method." Two procedures were sufficiently,the filter would stick to the aluminum employed depending on amount of NO3-N present. pan when dried in the oven. This modification, Technicon Industrial Method (T.I.M.) 246-731 which proved to be very effective, was used in both ("3 in. Dialyzer Method") was used for samples filter preparation and sample filtration. The only ranging from 0 to 50 mg L' NO3-N, and T.I.M. other modification was that the filters were weighed 271-73W ("24-in. Dialyzer Method") for samples to the nearest 0.01 mg instead of 0.1 mg as stated between 0 to 1 mg L' NO3-N. in the Millipore procedure. Samples were tested for ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) measurements using the Technicon AAII. The "Salicylate/nitro- were obtained using the Winkler method, "Oxygen prusside Method" was used according to T.I.M.pro- Demand (Biochemical)"in Standard Methods (1975, cedure 329.74 W/A (revised Jan 1976) for NH4-N p.543.549). Dissolved oxygen measurements(in- ranges from 0 to 50 mg L' itial and five day) were made according to "Azide The Technicon AAII "Block Digestion Method" Modification"of the lodemetric Method,Standard was used for analysis of Kjeldahl N within the range Methods (1975,p.443445). Most reagents used of 0 to 50 mg L'. The digestion procedure used was were purchased (lot numbers and new bottles re- T.I.M.376-75 W/B (revised March 1977) and analysis corded) to ensure consistency. The phosphate buffer procedure T.I.M.329-74 W/B (also revised March 1977). was prepared as stated in Standard Methods (1975, Chloride was analyzed on the Technicon AAI I p.545) in 100-mL amounts, refrigerated when not using the "Thiocyanate Method"for ranges of 0 to used and replaced approximately every month. Di- 35 mg L',according to T.I.M.99-70 W (1973). lution technique 2 was used (p.547). Reagents were Tota/P was analyzed on the Technicon AAII using added gently down the necks of the BOD bottles the "Block Digestion Method" (molybdenum blue using repeater pipettes. Glucose-glutamic acid, analysis for ranges of 0 to 10 mg L'). Digestion was dilution water and seeded blanks were run with each carried out according to T.I.M. 376-75 W/B (1977) test. and analysis followed T.I.M. 329-74 W/B procedure Turbidity measurements were obtained using a (revised March 1977). Hach turbidimeter,model 2100A,according to the Ortho-P was analyzed using a Coleman J union EPA approved procedure described in "Wastewater Spectrophotometer and the "Manual Molybdenum Analysis Handbook" (Hach Chemical Co. 1978, Blue Method" for ranges of 0 to 0.11 mg L',according p.592). Results were expressed in Jackson Turbidity to Hach Chemical Company's "Water and Wastewater Units (JTU). Samples with a turbidity reading greater Analysis Procedure." than 40 JTU were not diluted. The turbidimeter Specific Conductance was obtained using a resist- was recalibrated before each sample, using the pre- ivity bridge for ranges between 100 to 1000µmhos pared latex standard. cm'. Fecal coliforms and fecal streptococcus bacteria were enumerated according to procedures described in Standard Methods (1975, p.937-939 and 944-945, respectively) and Millipore's"Biological Analysis of Water and Wastewater," Application Manual AM 302, p. 34.35. Millipore's 2-mL ampoules of M-FC broth were used for fecal coliform test and agar plates of 27