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I: x TO X N G T I'II'-SULFUR http://ace.orst.edu/into/extoxnct/pipsisuIfur.htm EXTOXNET Extension Toxicology Network Pesticide Information Profiles A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University, the University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis and the Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University. Major support and funding was provided by the USDA/Extension Service/National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program. EXTOXNET primary files maintained and archived at Oregon State University Revised 9/95. SULFUR TRADE OR OTHER NAMES: The active ingredient sulfur is found in a variety of commercial fungicides. Some trade names for products containing sulfur include Cosan, Crisazufre, Hexasul, Sulflox, Tiolene, and Thiolux (223, 207). Crisazufre and Sulflox are marketed outside the U.S. (223). The compound may be used in combination with other fungicides that include nitrothal-isopropyl, rotenone, thiabendazole, mancozeb, sodium pentaborate, urea, carbendazim + maneb, and cymoxanil + copper oxychloride (1). REGULATORY STATUS: Sulfur is a general use pesticide (GUP). Check with specific state restrictions which may apply. Products containing the active ingredient sulfur must bear the Signal Word "Caution" on their label (223). INTRODUCTION: Sulfur is a non-systemic contact and protectant fungicide with secondary acaricidal activity. It is used for control of brown rot of peaches, powdery mildew of apples, gooseberries, hops, ornamentals, grapes, peaches, strawberries, sugar beets, apple scab, gall mite on blackcurrant, peanut leafspot, mildew on roses, mites on beans, carrots, lucerne, melons, and tomatoes, etc. (1, 242, 223). Sulfur is also used on livestock and in agricultural premises (207). Sulfur in its elemental reduced or oxidized forms represents approximately 1.9% of the total weight of the earth. The sulfates and sulfides are common in their various mineral forms. Most aquatic and terrestrial environments are high in sulfur, sulfur-deficient environments being quite rare in nature (358). Sulfur is considered non-corrosive and may cause tarnishing of some metals (1). FORMULATION: Sulfur comes in wettable, flowable and colloidal formulations (1). Compatibility with other products is considered good. Numerous mixed products with insecticides and fungicides are manufactured. For reasons of phytotoxicity, mixing sulfur with oils should be avoided (1, 223). Inert material is usually added during manufacture to prevent electrostatic "balling" (242). Sulfur has been known and used as a pesticide since very early times, and has been registered for pesticidal use in the United States since the 1920s (357). It was first used around 1880 (207). Currently, sulfur is registered in the U.S. by EPA for use as an insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide on several I oto 5/15/00 10:11 AM