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EXTOXNET PIP-PARAQUAT htip://ace.orst.edu/cgi-bin/int-,/Ol/pipsiparaquat.litm <br /> EXTOXNET <br /> Extension Toxicology Network <br /> Pesticide Information Profiles <br /> A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State <br /> University, the University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis and the Institute for <br /> Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University. Major support and funding was provided by the <br /> USDA/Extension Service/National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program. <br /> EXTOXNET primary files maintained and archived at Oregon State University <br /> Revised June 1996 <br /> Paraquat <br /> Trade and Other Names: Product names include Crisquat, Cyclone, Dextrone, Dexuron, <br /> Gramoxone Extra, Herbaxone, Ortho Weed and Spot Killer, and Sweep. The compound may be found in <br /> formulations with many other herbicides, including simazine and diquat dibromide. <br /> Regulatory Status: Paraquat is a highly toxic compound in EPA toxicity class I. Products <br /> containing it must be is labeled with the Signal Words DANGER- POISON. Paraquat is a Restricted <br /> Use Pesticide (RUP). RUPs may be purchased and used only by certified applicators. <br /> Chemical Class: quaternary nitrogen compound <br /> Introduction: Paraquat is a quaternary nitrogen herbicide widely used for broadleaf weed control. It <br /> is a quick-acting, nonselective compound, that destroys green plant tissue on contact and by <br /> translocation within the plant. It has been employed for killing marijuana in the U.S. and in Mexico. It is <br /> also used as a crop desiccant and defoliant, and as an aquatic herbicide. <br /> Formulation: Not Available <br /> Toxicological Effects: <br /> • Acute toxicity: Paraquat is highly toxic via ingestion, with reported oral LD50 values of 110 to 150 <br /> mg/kg in rats, 50 mg/kg in monkeys, 48 mg/kg in cats, and 50 to 70 mg/kg in cows [8,87]. The <br /> toxic effects of paraquat are due to the cation, and the halogen anions have little toxic effects [87]. <br /> The dermal LD50 in rabbits is 236 to 325 mg/kg, indicating moderate toxicity by this route [58,87]. <br /> The 4-hour inhalation LC50 is greater than 20 mg/L for the technical grade of the compound [87]. It <br /> causes skin and eye irritation in rabbits (severe for some of the formulated products) and also has <br /> I ot'4 5/11/004:11 PM <br />