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80 Part I California Water County's Groundwater Replenishment System, a partnership between the Orange County Water District and the Orange County Sanitation District, which recharges the groundwater basin with highly treated,potable wastewater (Groundwater Replenishment System,undated).Some parts of inland Southern California have also reclaimed groundwater that was too saline or otherwise contaminated for untreated use (California Department of Water Resources 2009).5 Storage and Movement to Population and Farming Centers Water is moved from wetter to drier areas through a network of rivers,canals, aqueducts, and pipelines (Figure 2.6).This network of federal,state,and local projects connects local water users with local and statewide water sources and reflects the history of water management (Chapter 1). Although the State Water Project, the Central Valley Project, and other federal projects are the most extensive storage and conveyance projects supporting agricultural and urban water use, major local and regional projects also store and deliver dis- tant supplies to urban centers in the San Francisco Bay Area and Southern California. The hub of both the SWP and CVP systems,and the link between Northern and Southern California, is the network of channels within the Sacramento—San Joaquin Delta. This conveyance hub is at significant risk of failure from flood and earthquake risks to the fragile levees that surround the Delta's man-made islands,most of which now lie well below sea level(Chapter 3) (Lund et al.2010;Suddeth,Mount,and Lund 2010). The state's elaborate conveyance network is coupled with an extensive sur- face water storage system, capable of storing about half the average annual statewide runoff(Figure 2.6, Table 2.1). Most surface storage is located near the source,far from major farming and urban centers.The state's capacity for storing water in aquifers is far greater and much of this capacity is nearer to water users. Surface and groundwater reservoirs have different advantages and draw- backs.Surface reservoirs can fill quickly and release water fairly quickly,making them flexible for water supply and flood management. But expanding surface storage capacity is costly and ecologically damaging. Groundwater storage 5. As discussed further in Chapter 6,many local agencies are looking to recycled water as a costly,but relatively stable, alternative to supplies imported from distant locations.Ocean water desalination,which relies on similar treatment technologies,also is being considered in some coastal areas.In contrast to coastal areas,where wastewater reuse results in a net expansion ofwater supplies for the region,expanding reuse of upstream wastewater to support new development is likely to increase upstream net water use and reduce return flows to downstream users(Box 2.1).