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Overview <br />Both natural and manmade fill materials are used <br />for a variety of purposes. Fill material properties are <br />commonly controlled to meet the necessary site spe- <br />cific engineering specifications. Because most sites <br />requiring fill material are located in or near urban <br />areas, the fill materials are often obtained from con- <br />struction projects that generate an excess of soil, and <br />from demolition debris (asphalt, broken concrete, <br />etc.). However, materials from those types of sites <br />may or may not be appropriate, depending on the <br />proposed use of the fill, and the quality of the as- <br />sessment and/or mitigation measures, if necessary. <br />Therefore, unless material from construction <br />projects can be demonstrated to be free of contami- <br />nation and/or appropriate for the proposed use, the <br />use of that material as fill should be avoided. <br />Selecting Fill Material <br />In general, the fill source area should be located in <br />nonindustrial areas, and not from sites undergoing <br />an environmental cleanup. Nonindustrial sites in- <br />clude those that were previously undeveloped, or <br />used solely for residential or agricultural purposes. <br />If the source is from an agricultural area, care should <br />be taken to insure that the fill does not include <br />former agricultural waste process byproducts such <br />as manure or other decomposed organic material. <br />Undesirable sources of fill material include indus- <br />trial and/or commercial sites where hazardous ma - <br />Potential Contaminants Based on the Fill Source Area <br />Fill Source: <br />Land near to an existing freeway <br />Land near a mining area or rock quarry <br />Agricultural land <br />Residential/acceptable commercial land <br />Target Compounds <br />Lead (EPA methods 601013 or 7471 A), PAHs <br />(EPA method 8310) <br />Heavy Metals (EPA methods 601013 and <br />7471 A), asbestos (polarized light <br />microscopy), pH <br />Pesticides (Organochlorine Pesticides: EPA <br />method 8081 A or 8080A; Organophospho- <br />rus Pesticides: EPA method 8141 A; Chlori- <br />nated Herbicides: EPA method 8151 A), <br />heavy metals (EPA methods 6010B and <br />7471 A) <br />VOCs (EPA method 8021 or 826013, as <br />appropriate and combined with collection <br />by EPA Method 5035), semi -VOCs (EPA <br />method 8270C),TPH (modified EPA method <br />8015), PCBs (EPA method 8082 or 8080A), <br />heavy metals including lead (EPA methods <br />601013 and 7471 A), asbestos (OSHA Method <br />ID -191) <br />*The recommended analyses should be performed in accordance with USEPA SW -846 methods (1996). <br />Other possible analyses include Hexa valent Chromium: EPA method 7199 <br />27 <br />