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U.S. SILICA COMPANY <br />Safety Data Sheet <br />Silica Sand or Ground Silica Page 6 of 9 <br />Date of preparation/revision: May 4, 2015 <br />B. CANCER <br />IARC - The International Agency for Research on Cancer ("IARC") concluded that “crystalline silica in the <br />form of quartz or cristobalite dust is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)”. For further information on the <br />IARC evaluation, see IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 100C,"A <br />Review of Human Carcinogens: Arsenic, Metals, Fibres and Dusts " (2011). <br /> <br />NTP classifies “Silica, Crystalline (respirable size)” as Known to be a human carcinogen. <br /> <br />C. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES <br />Several studies have reported excess cases of several autoimmune disorders -- scleroderma, systemic lupus <br />erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis -- among silica-exposed workers. <br /> <br />D. TUBERCULOSIS <br />Individuals with silicosis are at increased risk to develop pulmonary tuberculosis, if exposed to tuberculosis <br />bacteria. Individuals with chronic silicosis have a three-fold higher risk of contracting tuberculosis than similar <br />individuals without silicosis. <br /> <br />E. KIDNEY DISEASE <br />Several studies have reported excess cases of kidney diseases, including end stage renal disease, among silica- <br />exposed workers. For additional information on the subject, the following may be consulted: "Kidney Disease <br />and Silicosis”, Nephron, Volume 85, pp. 14-19 (2000). <br /> <br />F. NON-MALIGNANT RESPIRATORY DISEASES <br />The reader is referred to Section 3.5 of the NIOSH Special Hazard Review cited below for information <br />concerning the association between exposure to crystalline silica and chronic bronchitis, emphysema and <br />small airways disease. There are studies that disclose an association between dusts found in various mining <br />occupations and non-malignant respiratory diseases, particularly among smokers. It is unclear whether the <br />observed associations exist only with underlying silicosis, only among smokers, or result from exposure to <br />mineral dusts generally (independent of the presence or absence of crystalline silica, or the level of crystalline <br />silica in the dust). <br /> <br />Sources of information: <br />The NIOSH Hazard Review - Occupational Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable <br />Crystalline Silica published in April 2002 summarizes and discusses the medical and epidemiological <br />literature on the health risks and diseases associated with occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica. <br />The NIOSH Hazard Review is available from NIOSH - Publications Dissemination, 4676 Columbia Parkway, <br />Cincinnati, OH 45226, or through the NIOSH web site, www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/silica, then click on the link <br />“NIOSH Hazard Review: Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica”. <br /> <br />For a more recent review of the health effects of respirable crystalline silica, the reader may consult Fishman’s <br />Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, Fourth Edition, Chapter 57. “Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis”. <br /> <br />Finally, the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published a summary of respirable <br />crystalline silica health effects in connection with OSHA’s Proposed Rule regarding occupational exposure to <br />respirable crystalline silica. The summary was published in the September 12, 2013 Federal Register, which can <br />be found at www.federalregister.gov/articles/2013/09/12/2013-20997/occupational-exposure-to-respirable- <br />crystalline-silica. <br />. <br />Numerical measures of toxicity: <br />Crystalline Silica (quartz): LD50 oral rat >22,500 mg/kg <br />