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Landmarc Environmental Systems,LLC Site-Specific Health&Safety Plan(SSHSP) <br /> FROSTBITE <br /> The most common injury caused by exposure to cold temperatures is frostbite. Body parts most <br /> susceptible to frostbite include the nose, ears, chin, fingers and toes. Frostbite occurs when the <br /> blood flow through a body part is restricted due to extreme cold temperatures and ice crystals then <br /> begin to form in the body tissue. <br /> A. Symptoms-The first symptom of frostbite is a slightly flushed skin color. The color of the skin <br /> then changes to white or grayish yellow and finally grayish blue. Pain may be felt during the early <br /> stages, however, the pain may cease in later stages. The frostbitten area will also feel very cold, <br /> numb and the outer layer of skin may feel "hard". <br /> B. First Aid Treatment-Move the victim to a warm location. Place the frostbitten part into a warm <br /> water bath between 100-105 degrees. Do not use hot water. Handle the part with extreme care. Do <br /> not rub or massage the area. Avoid exposing the part to hot air or metal objects. The re-warming <br /> process may take between 30-60 minutes. Severe frostbite should be handled by medical <br /> personnel. <br /> HYPOTHERMIA <br /> Prolonged exposure to cold temperature may also cause the cooling of the body's inner core, more <br /> commonly known as hypothermia. This loss of body temperature can be fatal. <br /> A. Symptoms-Hypothermia symptoms include shivering, dizziness, numbness, confusion, weakness, <br /> impaired judgment, impaired vision and drowsiness. Later stages of hypothermia include the loss <br /> of consciousness, decreased pulse and breathing rate, coma and possible death. <br /> B. First Aid Treatment-Professional medical treatment should be obtained. Move the victim to a <br /> warm area. If available, have the victim change into a set of dry, warm clothing. If the victim is <br /> fully conscious, a warm drink may be given. Do not give the victim a caffeinated or alcohol <br /> beverage. <br /> PROTECTIVE MEASURES <br /> A. Avoid consumption of caffeinated or alcohol beverages. Temporary warmth may be achieved; <br /> however, body heat loss will occur. <br /> 20 <br />