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4 Environmental Analysis 4.3 Air Quality 4.3.4 Methodology Construction and operation of the Project would generate air contaminant emissions, including ROGs, NOx, PMto, PM2.5, CO, and SO2. The Project would also result in TAC emissions, such as DPM and odors. The methods and tools used to estimate emissions from the Project are described in the following subsections. Air pollutant emissions associated with the Project would occur over the short term (i.e., 15 months)from construction-related activities, including equipment exhaust, vehicle travel on paved and unpaved roads, and fugitive dust from soil disturbance activities. Construction activities would produce combustion emissions from construction equipment engines and motor vehicles transporting the construction crew, equipment, and materials. Exhaust emissions from construction activities would vary daily as activity levels change. Equipment operating assumptions were based on information provided by the Applicant. Emissions quantification related to construction activities is necessary for comparison to SJVAPCD significance thresholds. Project emissions were estimated using the emission calculation tool California Emissions Estimator Model (CaIEEMod) Version 2020.4.0 (CAPCOA 2021). The model contains region- specific data and quantifies direct emissions from construction and operations (including vehicle use), as well as indirect emissions, such as GHG emissions from energy use, solid waste disposal, vegetation planting and/or removal, and water use. For calculation of on-road (offsite) mobile sources, CaIEEMod uses the EMFAC2017 emissions model. 4.3.4.1 Construction Construction is anticipated to occur during a period of approximately 15 months, including 3 months of testing and commissioning. Project construction would consist of five major stages, with the third and fourth stages overlapping with the second. The first stage would include mobilization, site preparation, fencing, laydown, and trenching. Grubbing and grading would occur onsite to achieve the required surface conditions and to accommodate the support structures and access roads. Due to the sloped topography of the Project site, site preparation would require approximately 407,000 cubic yards of cut and 406,000 cubic yards of fill to create a single terrace on which the batteries would be installed. Water for dust control and other construction needs would be trucked to the site. The Project would comply with SJVAPCD Rule 8021 to control dust emissions generated during grading activities. During the site and substation preparation and grading subphase, four generators will be used: two will operate 8 hours per day and two will operate 24 hours per day. The second stage would involve construction of the energy storage enclosures and substation installation. A substation pad for the step-up transformer would be poured, followed by the installation of the medium-voltage stations, wiring of the modules through combiner boxes, and construction of the Project substation and grid interconnection. The medium-voltage stations would sit on concrete foundations, pending final design. The third stage would be installation of the gen-tie line foundation and tower erection. The fourth stage would continue the gen-tie line installation, including the pulling and stinging of the wires. The third and fourth stages would overlap with the second stage construction activities. The fifth and final phase of construction will include commissioning and testing. Griffith Energy Storage Project 4.3-16 Tetra Tech/SCH 2022120675 Draft Environmental Impact Report August 2023