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Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Technical Report Griffith Energy Storage Project 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE Tetra Tech has prepared an air quality analysis report to evaluate potential air quality and GHG impacts associated with the proposed energy storage Project. This analysis was prepared in accordance with the SJVAPCD Guide for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts(SJCAPCD 2015a). This report has been prepared to support an environmental review with San Joaquin County as lead CEQA agency for the Project. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the SJVAPCD's methods, standards, and significance thresholds used in this analysis are considered appropriate for determining whether impacts require mitigation measures to be implemented. A segment of the gen-tie line (less than 0.25 miles) is located in Alameda County. This segment of the gen-tie line will also be compared to the SJVAPCD's significance thresholds as these are more stringent than the BAAQMD's significance thresholds, with the exception of PM2.5. The BAAQMD construction significance threshold of 10 tons per year will be used for PM2.a. Air quality impacts from grading and construction sources were analyzed based on the equipment used, length of time for a specific construction task, equipment power type (gasoline or diesel engine), equipment emission factors, horsepower, load factor, and percentage of time in use. Exhaust and dust emissions from worker commutes and travel were calculated based on available information regarding these activities. Fugitive dust(particulate matter less than 10 microns [PM,o] and PM2.5)emissions would result from wind erosion of exposed soil and soil storage piles, grading operations, and vehicles traveling on paved and unpaved roads. These emissions were calculated based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA; AP-42 handbooks) emissions factors contained in the California Emissions Estimator Model (CaIEEMod; CAPCOA 2021) and construction information available and provided to Tetra Tech. Motor vehicle pollutant emissions associated with the Project operation were estimated for future conditions, utilizing information on facility operations. CaIEEMod was used to calculate the emissions associated with on-site construction activities and off-site vehicle trips to and from the Project site. Emissions associated with operations and maintenance of the facility were also quantified using CaIEEMod. The total Project construction and operational emissions were compared to the SJVAPCD threshold criteria, and a determination of significance was made. A discussion of GHGs and their potential effects on global climate change is included. Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), a key GHG identified in Assembly Bill (AB) 32, and other major GHGs such as methane (CH4)and nitrous oxide (N20)from direct and indirect Project-related sources were calculated. Tetra Tech calculated the construction related GHG emissions commensurate with available Project specific information. Standard measures for construction activities recommended by the SJVAPCD were identified and incorporated as part of the Project's standard conditions. Potential GHG impacts and benefits associated with the proposed energy storage Project were calculated. 1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Project consists of constructing and operating a 400-MW Energy Storage Project to provide reliable and flexible power to the local electrical system. The Project would contain pad-mounted energy storage units, in addition to inverters, supervisory control and data acquisition equipment, a collector substation, and an interconnection gen-tie line to the Tesla Substation. The Project would also include related and supporting facilities such as on-site service roads, gates and security fencing, and temporary laydown and construction areas. Each enclosure would be equipped with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems for thermal management of the batteries. The power for the heating, ventilation, and air OTETRA TECH 3 July 2023