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U.S. SILICA COMPANY <br /> Safety Data Sheet <br /> Silica Sand or Ground Silica Page 6 of 9 <br /> B. CANCER <br /> IARC -The International Agency for Research on Cancer("IARC") concluded that"crystalline silica in the <br /> form of quartz or cristobalite dust is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)". For further information on the <br /> IARC evaluation, see IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,Volume 100C,"A <br /> Review of Human Carcinogens: Arsenic,Metals,Fibres and Dusts " (2011). <br /> NTP classifies"Silica, Crystalline(respirable size)"as Known to be a human carcinogen. <br /> C.AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES <br /> Several studies have reported excess cases of several autoimmune disorders-- scleroderma, systemic lupus <br /> erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis--among silica-exposed workers. <br /> D. TUBERCULOSIS <br /> Individuals with silicosis are at increased risk to develop pulmonary tuberculosis, if exposed to tuberculosis <br /> bacteria. Individuals with chronic silicosis have a three-fold higher risk of contracting tuberculosis than similar <br /> individuals without silicosis. <br /> E.KIDNEY DISEASE <br /> Several studies have reported excess cases of kidney diseases, including end stage renal disease, among silica- <br /> exposed workers. For additional information on the subject,the following may be consulted: "Kidney Disease <br /> and Silicosis",Nephron,Volume 85,pp. 14-19 (2000). <br /> F.NON-MALIGNANT RESPIRATORY DISEASES <br /> The reader is referred to Section 3.5 of the NIOSH Special Hazard Review cited below for information <br /> concerning the association between exposure to crystalline silica and chronic bronchitis, emphysema and <br /> small airways disease. There are studies that disclose an association between dusts found in various mining <br /> occupations and non-malignant respiratory diseases,particularly among smokers. It is unclear whether the <br /> observed associations exist only with underlying silicosis, only among smokers, or result from exposure to <br /> mineral dusts generally(independent of the presence or absence of crystalline silica, or the level of crystalline <br /> silica in the dust). <br /> Sources of information: <br /> The NIOSH Hazard Review-Occupational Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable <br /> Crystalline Silica published in April 2002 summarizes and discusses the medical and epidemiological <br /> literature on the health risks and diseases associated with occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica. <br /> The NIOSH Hazard Review is available from NIOSH-Publications Dissemination,4676 Columbia Parkway, <br /> Cincinnati, OH 45226, or through the NIOSH web site,www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/silica,then click on the link <br /> "NIOSH Hazard Review: Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica". <br /> For a more recent review of the health effects of respirable crystalline silica,the reader may consult Fishman's <br /> Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders,Fourth Edition, Chapter 57. "Coal Workers' Lung Diseases and Silicosis". <br /> Finally,the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)published a summary of respirable <br /> crystalline silica health effects in connection with OSHA's Proposed Rule regarding occupational exposure to <br /> respirable crystalline silica. The summary was published in the September 12, 2013 Federal Register,which can <br /> be found at www.federalregister.izov/articles/2013/09/12/2013-20997/occupational-exposure-to-respirable- <br /> crystalline-silica. <br /> Numerical measures of toxicity: <br /> Crystalline Silica(quartz): LD50 oral rat>22,500 mg/kg <br /> Date of preparation/revision: May 4, 2015 <br />