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TO E RO E K SOP No.015,REV.1 ASSOC[ATFS,[NC, PACKAGING AND SHIPPING SAMPLES I PAGE 8 Class 1, explosives, includes any chemical compound, mixture, or device that by itself is capable of chemical chain reaction sufficient to produce a substantial, instantaneous release of gas, heat, and/or pressure. Class 2, gases, includes any compressed gas being shipped and any non-compressed gas that is either flammable or toxic. A compressed gas is defined as having a pressure over 40 pounds per square inch (psi) absolute (25 psi gauge). Most air samples and empty cylinders that did not contain a flammable or toxic gas are exempt from the regulations. An empty hydrogen cylinder, as in a flame ionization detector (FID), is considered a dangerous good unless it is properly purged with nitrogen in accordance with the HMR. A landfill gas sample is usually considered a flammable gas because it may contain a high percentage of methane. Class 3, flammable liquids, are based on the boiling point and flash point of a substance. DOT defines flammable liquids as substances with a flash point less than 140 °F. Most class 3 samples include solvents, oil, gas, or paint-related material collected from drums,tanks, or pits. Class 4 are flammable solids, are substances liable to spontaneous combustion and substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gasses. Class 5, oxidizers and organic peroxides, include substances that readily yields oxygen, which may result in the ignition of combustible materials. Organic peroxide is combustible and reacts as an oxidizer in contact with other combustible materials. By itself, an organic peroxide can be flammable or explosive. Class 6,toxic and infectious substances, is based on oral toxicity (LD50 [lethal dose that kills 50 percent of the test animals]), dermal toxicity (LD50 values), and inhalation toxicity (LC50 [lethal concentration that kills 50 percent of the test animals] values). Division 6.1 substances include pesticides and cyanide. Class 7, radioactive material, is defined as any article or substance with a specific activity greater than 70 kiloBecquerels (kBq/kg) (0.002 [microCuries per gram [µCi/g]). If the specific activity exceeds this level, the sample should be shipped in accordance with Section 10 of the DGR. Class 8, corrosives, are based on the rate at which a substance destroys skin tissue or corrodes steel; they are not based on pH. Class 8 materials include the concentrated acids used to preserve water samples. Preserved water samples are not considered Class 8 substances and should be packaged as nonhazardous samples Class 9, miscellaneous dangerous goods, are substances that present a danger but are not covered by any other hazard class. Examples of Class 9 substances include asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and dry ice. Unlike the DGR, the HMR includes combustible liquids in hazard class 3. The definition of a combustible liquid is specified in 49 CFR 173.120 of the HMR. The HMR has an additional class, ORM-D, that is not specified in the DGR. "ORM-D material" refers to a material such as a consumer commodity that, although otherwise subject to the HMR, presents a limited