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Geosynte& consultants Appendix C: Summary of Chemical Hazards Petroleum Hydrocarbons Petroleum hydrocarbons likely at the site include tar and/or fuel-related materials in soils and sediments.Gasoline,diesel,oil,and heavier hydrocarbons,such as grease,may be present.Volatile components of gasoline include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). The primary exposure routes for petroleum hydrocarbons during site activities are inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion of contaminated soil, sediment, dust, or water. Lighter petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasoline and benzene readily volatilize and are primarily an inhalation concern, whereas the primary route of exposure to heavier petroleum hydrocarbons such as aromatic hydrocarbons, oil, and grease is dermal contact. The target organs primarily affected by prolonged exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons are the respiratory system, central nervous system, kidneys, liver, and skin. Prolonged dermal contact with petroleum hydrocarbons can cause irritation or dermatitis. The BTEX compounds are known or suspected human carcinogens. Petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasoline are also flammable and can be a physical hazard when present in high concentrations. Combustion of petroleum hydrocarbons can produce carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, aldehydes, fumes, smoke (particulate matter) and other products of incomplete combustion. Intentional and inadvertent combustion of petroleum hydrocarbons is not expected during sampling activities;however,personnel will evacuate the area should a fire occur. The table below summarizes BTEX exposure limits. Chemical Name PEL1 TLV2 Benzene 1 0.5 Toluene 200 50 Ethylbenzene 100 100 Xylene 100 100 ' OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit(in parts per million) 2 ACGIH Threshold Limit Value(in parts per million) Pesticides, Herbicides, and/or Rodenticides Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, such as DDT, chlordane, lindane, and dieldrin,were detected in site samples. These compounds are highly stable and valued for their residual action against insects. They are also stored in the body fat of mammals and are eliminated very slowly. These pesticides affect the central nervous system. Symptoms of poisoning include tremors and convulsions. Chronic effects associated with organochlorine pesticide poisoning include liver damage. Many of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides are directly absorbed through the skin to cause systemic effects. Appendix C C-1 Date(e.g.,15.03.2015)