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BRAY, RATHJE, AUGELLO AND MERRY D Seismic Design for Lined Solid-Waste Landfills <br />208 GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL S 1998, VOL. 5, NOS. 1-2 <br />110100 <br />Distance (km) <br />0.01 <br />0.1 <br />1 <br />Mw =6.0 <br />0 20406080100 <br />Distance (km) <br />0.0 <br />0.2 <br />0.4 <br />0.6 <br />0.8 <br />1.0 <br />0 20406080100 <br />Distance (km) <br />0 <br />10 <br />20 <br />30 <br />40 <br />50 <br />60 <br />(a) <br />(b) (c) <br />Mw =7.0 <br />Mw =8.0MHA(g)Strike slip <br />event <br />Tm(s)Significant duration,D5-95(s)Figure 2. Simplified characterization of earthquake rock motions: (a) intensity,MHA <br />for strike-slip faults (for reverse faults, use 1.3MHA for Mw 6.4 and 1.64MHA <br />for Mw = 6.0, with linear interpolation for 6.0 Mw 6.4) (Abrahamson and Silva <br />1997); (b) frequency content,Tm (Rathje et al. 1998); (c) duration,D5-95 (Abrahamson <br />and Silva 1996). <br />A unit weight profile based upon direct measurements of initial weight upon place- <br />ment; in situ measurements from boreholes and test trenches; inferred values from <br />SASW measurements based on a correlation between depth,Vs , and calibrated unit <br />weightsfromboreholedata; andone-dimensional (1-D)compression testsonlarge(754 <br />mm) reconstituted samples wasalso recently developed (Augello et al. 1997). The unit <br />weight profile is 11 kN/m <br />3 at a depth of 0 m, 14 kN/m <br />3 at 24 m, and 15 kN/m <br />3 at and <br />beyond 90 m. <br />The installation of a pair of accelerometers at the OII landfill in 1987 provided a <br />unique opportunity to evaluate the shear modulus reduction and damping characteris- <br />tics of solid-waste through back-analysis. Several investigators (e.g. Idriss et al. 1995;