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BRAY, RATHJE, AUGELLO AND MERRY D Seismic Design for Lined Solid-Waste Landfills <br />234 GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL S 1998, VOL. 5, NOS. 1-2 <br />k = seismic acceleration coefficient (dimensionless) <br />kmax = maximum seismic acceleration coefficient =MHEA/g (dimensionless) <br />ky = yield acceleration coefficient (dimensionless) <br />L = length of midsection of landfill (m) <br />Ls = length of cover slope mass (m) <br />MHA = maximum horizontal ground acceleration (m/s <br />2) <br />MHACrest = maximum horizontal ground acceleration at crest of landfill (m/s <br />2) <br />MHARock = maximum horizontal ground acceleration of rock (m/s <br />2) <br />MHASite = maximum horizontal ground acceleration of site (m/s <br />2) <br />MHATop = maximum horizontal ground acceleration at top of landfill (m/s <br />2) <br />MHEA = maximum horizontal equivalent acceleration (m/s <br />2) <br />MHEABase = maximum horizontal equivalent acceleration at base of landfill (m/s <br />2) <br />MHEACover = maximum horizontal equivalent acceleration of landfill cover sliding <br />mass (m/s <br />2) <br />Mw = moment magnitude of earthquake event (dimensionless) <br />NRF = nonlinear response factor (dimensionless) <br />R = seismic displacement reduction factor =ky /kmax at selected <br />displacement (dimensionless) <br />RB = seismic displacement reduction factor =ky /kmax at selected <br />base displacements (dimensionless) <br />RC = seismic displacement reduction factor =ky /kmax at selected <br />cover displacements (dimensionless) <br />S1 = back-slope run to height ratio (dimensionless) <br />S2 = front-slope run to height ratio (dimensionless) <br />Tm = mean period of acceleration-time history (s) <br />Tm-EQ = mean period of earthquake (s) <br />Tp = predominant period of ground motion (s) <br />Tp-EQ = predominant period of earthquake (s) <br />Ts = fundamental period of column of waste fill (s) <br />Ts-FILL = fundamental period of fill material (s) <br />Ts-WASTE = fundamental period of waste (s) <br />t = time (s) <br />U = seismically induced permanent displacement (mm) <br />Vs = average shear wave velocity (m/s) <br />¨= slope angle of cover from horizontal (_) <br />«= strain (dimensionless) <br />¬= internal friction angle (_) <br />­= total unit weight (N/m <br />3)