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Geosyntec O <br /> consultants <br /> Appendix C: Summary of Chemical Hazards <br /> Chlo inated SolventsNolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) <br /> Chlo inated VOCs are widely used as solvents in industrial operations such as degreasing, <br /> mant facturing, cleaning and dry cleaning, and are also present in household products and <br /> automotive fluids. They readily form vapors which can accumulate in indoor air spaces (i.e., via <br /> migration through the subsurface) and react with ozone to form sub-micron sized particles with <br /> the potential to cause adverse respiratory health effects. Free product releases (via surface or <br /> subsurface discharges or inadequate disposal) can migrate downward to significant depths and <br /> through fine-grained deposits to groundwater and can persist as wide-scale sources of vapor <br /> plums for long periods of time. <br /> Several chlorinated hydrocarbons have been identified in soil, indoor air vapor, and groundwater <br /> at the site including perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and 1,2-dichloroethane <br /> (DCA). The likely routes of exposure to chlorinated solvents include inhalation, ingestion and <br /> direct contact with the skin or eye. The toxicity of chlorinated solvents varies; many affect the <br /> CNS and some are identified as carcinogens. PCE can affect the CNS and cause irritation of the <br /> skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract. TCE can depress the CNS, affect kidneys, liver, and lungs, <br /> and can cause rapid and irregular heartbeat. Toxic effects are increased when combined with <br /> alcohol, caffeine, and other drugs. DCA can cause CNS depression and damage to the liver, <br /> kidneys,heart,and digestive system.Eye contact with DCA can cause irritation and serious injury <br /> if not removed promptly. DCA and TCE are flammable liquids; the LEL of both solvents are <br /> approximately 6% and their flash points are less than 1007. PCE is not considered flammable. <br /> These chlorinated solvents are only slightly soluble in water. <br /> Exposure levels will be maintained below OSHA PEL or NIOSH REL as shown in the table below. <br /> Chemical Name I PEL1 I REL2 <br /> 1,2 DCA 50 1 <br /> TCE 100 Ca <br /> PCE 100 Ca <br /> OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL)in parts per million <br /> z AC IH Threshold Limit Value(TLV)in parts per million <br /> Ca=Carcinogenic <br /> Append x C C-1 4.22026 <br />