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Timing:Water levels are seasonally variable,depending on hydraulic gradients,drainage and surface previous corn field; inputs.This variability will be accounted for by regular measurements.Ground water levels will be publications and and 2)in area measured every 15 minutes by transducer and at least once per month with electric tape sounder for 12 models to be months. converted to wetland Location:Two 1.5"wells will be installed at the same sites as the extensometers.Measurements at Groundwater In-Situ Level Every 15 wells at 12 months from HSI,HS2,HS3, Elevation TROLL water minutes; extensometer 1 April,2020 HS4 these wells will be representative of the water levels beneath the extensometers. depth transducer; manually sites previous each month publications and models Metric:Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Carbon Dioxide Eddy covariance Every 30 At eddy 12 months from HSI,HS2,HS3, Rationale: Delta island subsidence can be quantified by COz fluxes resulting from microbial Flux CO2 instrument; seconds; covariance 1 April,2020 HS4 decomposition of organic matter from the unsaturated organic soil surface.Ecosystem CO2 emission will previous averaged tower in corn quantify the amount of organic matter that is oxidized and which is comparable to the subsidence rate. publications and over 30 field models minutes Thus,subsidence can be measured independently with extensometers and eddy covariance and the two Environmental Eddy covariance Every 30 At eddy 12 months from HS3 datasets used for data verification and validation. Variables system seconds; covariance I April,2020 averaged tower in corn Method: CO2 fluxes where the extensometers will be installed in the corn field will be measured over 30 field using the eddy covariance technique.(see GHG Dynamics) minutes Regina[Lidar Data Available datasets Project area, Once,before the HSI,HS2 HS4 Timing:CO2 measurements began in July 2018 and will continue through the monitoring period of rice field and end of the Project other subsidence metrics.(see GHG Dynamics) Staten Island SUBCALC output Model update Project area Once,before the HSI,Hs2,HS3 Location:The area measured by eddy covariance will include the extensometer close to the rice. and whole end of the Project and HS4 Staten Island Metrics:Environmental Variables Rationale:Oxidative subsidence and CO2 fluxes are dependent on other environmental factors including wind speed,net radiation,incoming and diffuse photon flux density,air temperature, Metrics:Delta subsidence from LIDAR measurements humidity,precipitation,soil heat flux,soil water content,and soil temperature.These variables must Rationale:DWR measured land surface elevation of the Delta using lidar in 2007 and 2017. also be measured to account for their impact on subsidence processes. Method:The comparison between the 2 freely available datasets is a direct quantification of the rate of Method:All environmental variables will be measured at the eddy covariance tower.(see GHG subsidence over a 30-year period on the Delta.The data pertaining to Staten Island will be extracted and Dynamics,Table 1). compared to other regions in the Delta. Timing:Environmental variables are measured every 30 seconds and averaged over 30-minute Timing:the analysis will be performed before the end of the project and included in the final report. intervals.All variables will be measured for 12 months and overlap with the periodic monitoring of Location:Results will be determined for the Project area and the whole of Staten Island. subsidence using an extensometer. Location:Environmental variables are part of the eddy covariance system in Southwest Staten.(see GHG Dynamics). Metrics:Delta subsidence from SUBCALC model Rationale:SUBCALC was created(Deverel and Leighton,2010)to predict annual subsidence rates of drained organic soils in the Delta.The SUBCALC model developed by Deverel and Leighton(2010)will Summary of monitored metrics be used to model subsidence rates for the two conversion areas based on data collected during baseline Metric Methods I Frequency Location Timing1duration Hypothesis monitoring and other available data.The same model will also be utilized for post-conversion Land Surface GHSI 750 LVDT Every 15 1)Inside the 12 months from HSI,HS2,HS4 monitoring. Elevation on extensometer; minutes; eddy 1 April,2020 manually with manually covariance Method: SUBCALC will be updated and validated using annual subsidence rates measured during handheld GPS: each month footprint in a this study