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aUTMOTIVE CASOLIirE 65-25 i�' f Lever enzyrsaa. Hypoxemxa (low blood oxygen levels) accampanyimg asp%ration pneumonitis accounts for the CAIS manzfestation. - direct C"'S toxiciLy of the gasoline. Most symptoms are reversib.Le w -:in 49 hours (2279) Dermal exposure co gasoline vapor and liquid is also possible. Cons3.dering the physical/chemical properties of the volatila ca=onants. they should be readily absorned through the skim (2286) . Ligtud gasoline Ls irrita=ing to the skin. Prolonged contact causes a chemxcal - burn- (2228) . Hypersensitivity may develop in cartaim individuals (54) Exposure of volunteers to gasoline vapors indicated no ocular irritation at a eoacantrazton of 140 ppm. Irritation of the eyes and threat was seen as vapor levels of 270 to 900 ppm. If splashed into the eye, pain and irritztion occurs, but there is only slight. traasienc corneal epithelial disturbance (19) - c 65.3.2.2 Chronsc 'Toxicologic Effects The possibla Long-cera effects of chronic inhalation of gasoline have been reported as anorexia, weight: Loss, weakness and cramps (2284). The neurological and encephalopathic effects seen in swmre C2308 iacluda Lncaordina=ion and tremors, however. these effects appear reversible with therapy and cessation of exposure (1570) . Posc-mortan findings of gasoline sniffers frequently show cerebral and pulmonary edema; if death is delayed. necrosis of the liver and kidney is evident. The minor cowponenrs of gasoline such as benzene. xyieno and tntranchpl land concribucQ morQ to these chronic effacts than do the aliphatic hydrocarbons (2284,2277) . Infrequent or controversial effects of chronic inhalation i=cludo decreased Lntelligence and feral retardation. It Ls known that exposure to gasoline vapors leads to increased mean blood levels (specific components not reported) in women and- fetuses. In a study condu=ced by Huncar S aj. (2282) . a com=mnsity of 500 America= Indians w1th prevalent gasoline abuse showed a high incidence of mental retardation (40 of live births). Although alcohol ahusa was widespread, the infants• climi.cal signs were not typical of fatal alcohol syndrome. Diethyl mercury poisoning would account for the Symptoms. however blood and hair mercury levels within the commsnity were low. Therefore this study suggested that the retardation was due - to prenatal exposuva to organic lead present in the gasoline vapors. Although there has been a rough correlation between the temporal increase in gasoline produrtion/Consumption and elevated renal camer mortality, geographic ecologic studies comparing counties involved in t petroleum refining with control counties have shown no significant increase in kidney cancer deaths. Cabo= studies comparing refinery workers with Che general population showed no cons2.stanc increases in standardized mortality rates of kidney cancer. However. most of these studies were nor. dessgaed or analyzed with a gasoline exposure - kidney 5 6/87 e.