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aUTCMOT=. GA50LI1TE
<br /> experimental conditions does not mimic ambient vapor composition. The
<br /> animals are exposed to completely volatilized gasoline whereas human
<br /> exposure _s to partial volatilization_ The larger hydrocarbons, which
<br /> are less volatile, are present in lower proportion in ambient vapors
<br /> than in compieteiv volatilizes gasoline. Thus. since certain subsets
<br /> of the higher molecular weighC ca=ounas are thougnt to be responsible
<br /> for neahrotoxicity, it -is, Likely that the !animal=. studies overestimate -
<br /> the, toxic effect in, humans. — — — — --�
<br /> 65.3 2.1 Short-tel m Toxicologic Effects
<br /> ,The primiry,rmode of exposure 'to fgasoline zs by inhalation. The
<br /> most common symptoms of intoxication- are headaches. blurred vision,
<br /> dizziness and-' nausea °(2) .,� ''Host , o& ,the+F,adverse physical effects'''Ln
<br /> humans i beeYxn, 1 r tz ' tit
<br /> have documcntedF�by `easesoft:intenonal� gasoline' inhalY=7 nation
<br /> or i'saiffing: " Absorption o£ the'`volatile components, across the-'I lungsF
<br /> is, gen6rally rrap ide'and quite efficient. v ivels4°as 1lowl as" 500-10004i
<br /> 1. PPpm
<br /> forw30 to 60'' mirntces^`can'resuit ini afi euphoric condition consisting of
<br /> ataxia (decreased muscle 1 (jaordination)-, drowsiness and dizziness
<br /> Increased levels (1000-3000 ppm) lead to irritation, headache, nausea.
<br /> and vomiting. Levels*'in excess of45000 ppm can cause dizziness or deep
<br /> s 6. �' 2.." 4 " s f W"��. F � d ,
<br /> anesthesia"'within minutes,-Wand occasionally coma`liand deacb are rreported
<br /> (2277.2264) , ",'In rygeaerai. ;theI eupkiotia. =lethargy"kand decreased sensory
<br /> iexo�Ss�r u7r rre-y, (2 $O)i '
<br /> ° h �perceptionlas! t several ' ' ring
<br /> feeling is bell!eved"to bait du `co the,,neurotoxic,geffeecs�'of, n y hexainei'and
<br /> the n'arcotic properties'. of 'the�C4 to Ca saturared''ihydrocarbons� (227,7)
<br /> ✓r.r w
<br /> Death`s from gasoline sniffing have 'rarely, been ',,reported. In a
<br /> study of X110 "sudden 'sniffing"'-deattis� occurring, during the `19601 s,,,3.6%
<br /> were thought to ;be associated with, gasoline inhalation. Sudden death
<br /> has been' reported In an � adolescent who exercised after 'Lnhalir g
<br /> gasolj.ne' ,fines while ` s'iphoriing� gasoline r'�Sfrom \F ja car.' Death "was
<br /> presumaoly from a lcaidiac�,,arrdfFhmia induced by, the ,fumes (1570),
<br /> Symptoms in severe oral intoxication are ,mild lexcitation. loss of f
<br /> consciousness. occasional convulsions. cyanosis, congestion and
<br /> capillary hemorrhaging of the lung and internal. organs, followed by
<br /> death duej to circulatory failure. In mild cases, symptoms include
<br /> inebriation, ''vomiting, vertigo, dizziness, confusion and fever (12)
<br /> In'adults. ingestion of 20-5q g may produce severe poisoning. One case
<br /> of accidental ingestion caused immediate severe burning of the pharynx
<br /> 'and gastric region. After immediate gastric ,lavage, no general
<br /> symptoms were noted. Liver function tests were slightly elevated.
<br /> indicating hepatic damage which was probably due to gasoline' s Upsd
<br /> solubility Another case of ,accidental ingestion of, gasoline presented
<br /> with nausea. abdominal cramps and red-brown urine Upon further
<br /> investigations. acute reversible , toxic injury was found to the upper
<br /> portions of both kidney (2278) It should be noted that ingestion can
<br /> be accompanied by aspiration. This can lead to chemical injury,
<br /> irritation to the lung and mucosal surfaces and generalized chemical
<br /> pneumonitis Symptoms are lethargy, moderate respiratory distress with
<br /> Laboratory confirmation of leukocytosis and increased serum levels of
<br /> 6/87
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