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ectruin Laboratories Chen9acal Fact Sheet-Cas#1 71432 littp//-Www speclab coati/cornpound/c92527 Demand 1986 1,603 million gal, 1987 1,667 mullion gal, 1991 projected/ 1,790 `J _ million gal (Includes imports, 155 million gal were imported m 1986 C } . Apparent olor CLEAR,COLORLESS LIQ,RHOMBIC PRISMS Odor JAROMATIC ODOR ' 1__T Boiling Po1nt -___J$0 1 DEG "-- ! Melti"F Point _'_-'JS 5 DEG? r Molecular erg t 7$ 11J � � J Density- ---__IO 7$87 AT 15 DEG 4 DEG - �(BENZENE HAS DISTINCTIVE SRP AROMATIC ODOR HOWEVER ' Odor Threshold Concentration i/WARNING PROPERTIES ARE INADEQUATE SINCE I00 PPM HAS 1IRRITATION RATING OF 0&ODOR INTENSITY BETWEEN 1 &2 4 68 PPM 1n air 4 9 mg/cu in (character istic odor), in water 2 0 mg/1 ' Saaltsttivtty Data _ Benzene is irritant Benzene will enter the atmosphere primarily fiom fugitive emissions and exhaust connected with its use in gasoline Anothei unportant source is emissions associated with its production and use as an industrial intermediate In addition, there are discharges into water fiom industrial effluents and losses during spalls If benzene is released to soil, it will be subject to Lapid volatilization near the surface and that { which does not evaporate will be lughly to very highly mobile in the soil and may leach to groundwater It may be subject to biodegiadation based on ieported biodegradation of 24%and 47%of the initial 20 ppm benzene in a mase-rich para-biownish soil in 1 and 10 weeks,respectively It may be subject to ' biodegradation in shallow,aei obic groundwaters,but probably not under anaei obit conditions If benzene is released to water,it will be subject to rapid volatilization, the half-life for evaporation in a wind-wave tank with a moderate wind speed of 7 09 msec was 5 23 his, the estimated half-life for volatilization of benzene fiom a model river one meter deep flowing I m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec is estimated to be 2 7 hi s at 20 deg C It will not be expected to significantly adsorb to sediment,bnoconcentiate in aquatic otganisnms or hydrolyze It may be subject to Environmental I[axlpact biodegradation based on a teported biodegradation half-life of 16 days nm an aerobic ' raver die-away test In a marine ecosystem biodegradation occurred in 2 days aftei ? an acclimation period of 2 days and 2 weeks in the summei and spring,respectively, wheieas no degiadation occurred in winter Accoiding to one experiment,benzene ' ,has a half-life of 17 days due to photodegiadation which could contribute to benzene's removal in situations of cold watei,poor nutrients,of other conditions I less conductive to microbial degradation If benzene is released to the atrnospheie, it will exist predominantly in the vapor phase Gas-phase benzene will not be subject 4to du ect photolysis but it will react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of 13 4 days calculated using an experimental sate constant j ,for the reaction The reaction tinie in polluted atmospheres which contain nitrogen oxides or sulfur dioxide is accelerated with the half-life being reported as 4-6 hours jlPioducts of photooxidation include phenol,nmttophenols,rutrobernzene,formic acid, and peroxyacetyl nitrate Benzene is fanly soluble m water and is iemoved from the ! ! atmosphere in rain The primary routes of eaposuie ane inhalation of contaminated e air,especially in areas with high traffic,and in the vicinity of gasolene service stations and consumption of contaminated dunking water ,TERRESTRIAL FATE If benzene is released to soil it will be subject to rapid ' !volatilization near the surface That which does not evaporate will be highly to very !highly mobile in soil and may leach to groundwatei The effective half-lives for i ;volatilization without water evaporation from soil to benzene uniformly dnstitbuted i I !to 1 and 10 cm in soil were 7 2 and 38 4 days,respectively It may be subject to ' I ibiodegradation based on ieported biodegradation of 24%and 47%of the initial 20 f !ppm benzene in a based-itch para-brownish soil in land 10 weeks, iespectively It I may be subject to biodegiadation in shallow, aerobic groundwaters,but probably not under anaerobic conditions AQUATIC FATE If benzene is released to water, it !will be subject to iapid volatilization,the half-life for evaporation in a wind-wave 1 nf� nuinr-,nm e 1>