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Oil Exploration and Production Wastes Initiative Key Terms and Concepts <br />In a well abandonment operation, the casing is plugged with alternating layers of <br />cement and drilling fluid. Wastes produced by both completion and <br />abandonment operations are usually leftover cement and drilling fluid. <br />Figure 3: Oil Well with Mechanical Pumping Unit <br />Source: <br />COUNTER <br />BALANCE <br />_GEAR <br />MOTOR BOX, <br />�.euecrno <br />CASING <br />TUBING — -' <br />SUCKER RO <br />CEMENT--' <br />UMP- <br />PUMP- <br />Source: DOGGR, 2000 <br />Oil production <br />Oil production encompasses those activities that are associated with the <br />extraction of oil from the ground, and subsequent processing that takes place to <br />remove excess water and natural gas where applicable, and render a crude oil <br />product sellable to a refinery. According to oil production industry <br />representatives interviewed during the course of this study, crude oil is typically <br />processed to contain less than three percent water at time of shipment to the <br />refinery. <br />Production facility <br />A production facility is the site where oil production, described above, takes <br />place. Crude oil may be extracted on location or brought to the production facility <br />from offsite wells via pipeline or truck. Wastes such as produced water <br />Statewide Compliance DivisionMay 2002 <br />!I n l !1�" -.!I l'1" I I I r�... YInM Y I ..I •II <br />-5- <br />