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4-57 Oxidation Page 3 of 5 N%00 Data Needs: A detailed discussion of these data elements is provided in Subsection_ 2.1.3. (Data Requirements for Air Emissions/Off-Gases). Because of the limitations discussed in the previous section, it is important that the contaminated air stream be well characterized. TO P Performance Data: Thermal oxidation is effective for site remediation. Its use is increasing among remediation equipment vendors, and several variations in design are being marketed. Growing applications include treatment of air stripper and vacuum extraction gas-phase emissions. More than 20 firms manufacture catalytic oxidation systems specifically for remedial activities. These firms will generally supply the equipment to remedial action contractors for integration with specific remedial technologies, such as in situ vapor extraction of organics from soil or air stripping of organics from ground water. Despite its relatively newer application in remedial activities, catalytic oxidation is a mature technology, and its status as an implementable technology is well established. Nevertheless, the technology continues to evolve with respect to heat recovery techniques, catalysts to increase destruction efficiency and/or to extend the operating life of the catalyst bed, and performance data on a wider range of VOCs. TO P Cost: The primary factors that will impact the overall cost include quantity, concentration, and type of contaminant; required destruction efficiencies; management of residuals; and utility and fuel costs. Thermal treatment is generally the most cost effective remedial technologies at high VOC concentrations, and offers the advantage of permanent, efficient contaminant destruction within a relatively short time frame. Equipment costs range from$25,000 for a 200-scfm unit to as much as$200,000 for a 2,000-scfm unit. Typical energy costs for a catalytic oxidation system alone, operating at 100 to 200 scfm, will range from $8 to$15 per day (for natural gas or propane-fired systems) and $20 to$40 per day (for electrically heated systems). Capital costs of equipment operating at throughputs of 2.8 to 5.6 cubic meters per minute (100 to 500 scfm) are estimated to be in a range from $20,000 to $100,000. If treatability studies, tests, or demonstrations are required, additional costs may include: Laboratory treatability studies$10,000 to $50,000. Pilot tests or field demonstrations $100,000 to $500,000. TO P References: California Base Closure Environmental Committee (CBCEC), 1994. Treatment Technologies Applications Matrix for Base Closure Activities, Revision 1, Technology Matching Process Action Team, November, 1994. http://www.frtr.gov/matrix2/section4/4-59.html 10/22/2004