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• Mr Michael Infurna Project 0805-114 02 <br /> January 29, 1996 <br /> Page 2 <br /> SOIL REMEDIATION <br /> Soil remediation involves the removal and/or treatment of soil containing petroleum <br /> hydrocarbons This section discusses various alternatives for in-situ and ex-situ treatment <br /> Excavation <br /> In this alternative, excavated soil is stockpiled and treated on or off site, depending on the <br /> volume of impacted soil and future disposition of the treated soil. This remediated soil, in <br /> combination with imported fill, can be used for backfill This alternative effectively <br /> protects the beneficial use of groundwater by removing the source of groundwater impact <br /> The following are the most commonly used treatment alternatives• <br /> • Incineration Excavated and stockpiled soil is incinerated in batches in a rotary <br /> kiln Petroleum hydrocarbons in soil are exposed to excessive temperatures <br /> (greater than 1,800°F), thereby volatilizing them in the kiln. Rotating kilns are <br /> widely used for the destruction of organic compounds because they can handle a <br /> • variety of waste materials, can provide proper agitation, and are readily available <br /> In a rotary kiln, solids are fed into a sloping kiln and are conveyed by gravity to <br /> the rear, where the ashes are removed/withdrawn. Off-gases are treated by a <br /> scrubbing system prior to atmospheric discharge <br /> • Soil washing Excavated soil is stockpiled on site and washed in batches Soil <br /> washing involves the following four steps <br /> — Mixing a solvent with impacted soil <br /> — Separating the now-impacted solvent from the soil <br /> — Separating waste from the solvent <br /> — Recycling or disposing of the collected waste and recycling the solvent <br /> Solvents are mixed with soil to solubilize or physically mobilize the waste <br /> constituents from the soil The most common solvents used in removing <br /> petroleum hydrocarbons from soil are"high-tech surfactants " <br /> • Ex-situ Bioremediation Ex-situ biodegradation involves placing the excavated <br /> impacted soils in either turned or static piles Several variations of this procedure <br /> are documented Essentially, this alternative involves biodegradation of <br /> petroleum hydrocarbons. Biodegradation is often aided by supplying nutrients, <br />• moisture, Sand air/oxygen. The supply of air/oxygen and nutrients to the <br /> SAC\N TJ1M805VJ8051140 2ES-95',pw 1 <br />