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,XTOXNET PIP - CHLORPYRIFOS
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<br /> EXTOXNET
<br /> Extension Toxicology Network
<br /> Pesticide Information Profiles
<br /> A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University,
<br /> the University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis and the Institute for Environmental Toxicology,
<br /> Michigan State University. Major support and funding was provided by the USDA/Extension Service/National
<br /> Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program.
<br /> EXTOXNET primary files maintained and archived at Oregon State University
<br /> Revised June 1996
<br /> ChlorpyrifOST
<br /> Trade and Other Names: Trade names include Brodan, Detmol UA, Dowco 179, Dursban, Empire, Eradex,
<br /> tLorsbari;Pageant, Piridane, Scout, and Stipend.
<br /> { Re ulato Status: The EPA has established a 24-hour reentry interval for crop areas treated with
<br /> emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder formulations of chlorpyrifos unless workers wear protective clothing.
<br /> Chlorpyrifos is toxicity class II - moderately toxic. Products containing chlorpyrifos bear the Signal Word
<br /> WARNING or CAUTION, depending on the toxicity of the formulation.It is classified as a General Use Pesticide
<br /> (GUP).
<br /> Chemical Class: organophosphate
<br /> Introduction: Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide. While originally used primarily to
<br /> kill mosquitoes, it is no longer registered for this use. Chlorpyrifos is effective in controlling cutworms, corn
<br /> rootworms, cockroaches, grubs, flea beetles, flies, termites, fire ants, and lice. It is used as an insecticide on grain,
<br /> cotton, field, fruit, nut and vegetable crops, and well as on lawns and ornamental plants. It is also registered for
<br /> direct use on sheep and turkeys, for horse site treatment, dog kennels, domestic dwellings, farm buildings, storage
<br /> os acts on pests primarily as a contact poison, with some action as a
<br /> bins, and commercial establishments. Chlorpyrif
<br /> stomach poison. It is available as granules, wettable powder, dustabie powder and emulsifiable concentrate.
<br /> Formulation: It is available as granules, wettable powder, dustable powder, and emulsifiable concentrate.
<br /> Toxicological Effects:
<br /> . Acute toxicity: Chlorpyrifos is moderately toxic to humans [43]. Poisoning from chlorpyrifos may affect the
<br /> central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, and the respiratory system. It is also a skin and eye irritant
<br /> [2]. While some organophosphates are readily absorbed through the skin, studies in humans suggest that skin
<br /> absorption of chlorpyrifos is limited [2]. Symptoms of acute exposure to organophosphate or cholinesterase-
<br /> inhibiting compounds may include the following: numbness, tingling sensations, incoordination, headache,
<br /> dizziness, tremor,nausea, abdominal cramps, sweating, blurred vision, difficulty breathing or respiratory
<br /> t depression, and slow heartbeat. Very high doses may result in unconsciousness, incontinence, and convulsions
<br /> or fatality. Persons with respiratory ailments, recent exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors, cholinesterase
<br /> impairment, or liver malfunction are at increased risk from exposure to chlorpyrifos. Some organophosphates
<br /> may cause delayed symptoms beginning I to 4 weeks after an acute exposure which may or may not have
<br /> produced immediate symptoms [2]. In such cases, numbness,tingling,weakness, and cramping may appear in
<br /> the lower limbs and progress to incoordination and paralysis. Improvement may occur over months or years,
<br /> and in some cases residual impairment will remain [2]. Plasma cholinesterase levels activity have been shown
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