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T 22 " affiliated groups, vernacular architecture (such as tankhouses) , and' other types of historic remains. i Research Methods Three principal methods of research and investigation were ii undertaken in response to the research design. The first of these was to examine the literature comprising the principal archaeological, ethnographic and historical data bases for the region and proposed project locality, and to obtain information by interviewing knowledgeable persons including Native Americans, The second method of investigation was to search the records of the California Historical Resources Information System for the county in which the proposed project is located. The third method of investigation was to conduct direct field inspection of the proposed project APE. The procedures invoked to obtain information using these methods are discussed in various sections of this report. Field methods and operations are discussed in the following section. Field Methods Direct field survey is undertaken by application of the programed transect survey method (Dancey 1981:45 ff. ) , generally employed to conduct cultural resources surveys in California (Moratto 1984) and elsewhere. (King 1978, Thomas 1989) . Transect surveys are carried out by formally trained, experienced archaeologists and cultural resource technicians who inspect the proposed project area by means of patterned transects. These are conducted by the field personnel walking in line abreast, covering sample segments, or, as required, the entire project area, in a systematic, orderly, and efficient manner (Thomas 1989: 228 f€. ) . Generally, transects are conducted by cultural ° resources investigation technicians maintaining intervals of not less than 5 to 15 meters (intensive survey) , or 30 meters (general survey) , the intervals usually not exceeding the latter figure. The principal objective of the transect inspection or survey' [ : method is to ensure comprehensive cultural resources inspection of the project area within limitations imposed by the following: (1) cultural resources are often buried or concealed by vegetation, and (2) adverse local conditions may impose limitations on the intensity and comprehensiveness of surface coverage. Adverse conditions include but are not limited to steep, rugged, hazardous terrain, dense thickets of chaparral and poison oak, fields planted in row crops or under flood irrigation, pastures covered with dense grass and (orbs, properties guarded by zealous dogs, and areas that are 1 -t