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1 77 'tel. ."� ? . 7) �." .'7,1 .:�.'� " <br /> MOUNTAIN HOUSE NEIGHBORHOODS K AND L INITIAL STUDY 5.ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST <br /> 3.AIR QUALITY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS <br /> Table 5.3-1 CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS: STATE AND NATIONAL STANDARDS,EFFECTS,AND SOURCES <br /> Averaging State National <br /> Pollutant Time Standard Standard Pollutant Health and Atmospheric Effects Major Pollutant Sources <br /> 1 hour 0.09 ppm _ High concentrations can directly affect lungs,causing Formed when reactive organic gases(ROG)and nitrogen <br /> Ozone irritation.Long-term exposure may cause damage to lung oxides(NOx)react in the presence of sunlight.Major <br /> 8 hours 0.070 ppm 0.075 ppm tissue. sources include on-road motor vehicles,solvent <br /> evaporation,and commercial 1 industrial mobile equipment. <br /> Carbon 1 hour 20 ppm 35 ppm Classified as a chemical asphyxiant,carbon monoxide Internal combustion engines,primarily gasoline-powered <br /> Monoxide interferes with the transfer of fresh oxygen to the blood and motor vehicles. <br /> S hours 9.0 ppm 9 ppm deprives sensitive tissues of oxygen. <br /> Nitrogen 1 hour 0.18 ppm 100 ppb Irritating to eyes and respiratory tract.Colors atmosphere Motor vehicles,petroleum refining operations,industrial <br /> Dioxide Annual Avg. 0.030 ppm 53 ppb reddish-brown. sources,aircraft,ships,and railroads. <br /> 1 hour 0.25 ppm 75 ppb Irritates upper respiratory tract;injurious to lung tissue. Fuel combustion,chemical plants,sulfur recovery plants, <br /> Sulfur Can yellow the leaves of plants,destructive to marble, and metal processing. <br /> Dioxide 3 hours --- 0.5 ppm iron,and steel.Limits visibility and reduces sunlight. <br /> 24 hours 0.04 ppm — <br /> Respirable 24 hours 50µgW 150µg/m3 May irritate eyes and respiratory tract. Decreases in lung Dust and fume-producing industrial and agricultural <br /> Particulate capacity. Can cause cancer and increased mortality, operations,combustion,atmospheric photochemical <br /> Annual 3 _ Produces haze and limits visibility. reactions,and natural activities e. wind-raised dust and <br /> Matter(PM10) Avg, 20µfilm h' ( 9•, <br /> ocean sprays). <br /> 24 hours — 35µglm3 Increases respiratory disease,lung damage,cancer,and Fuel combustion in motor vehicles,equipment,and <br /> Fine Particulate premature death.Reduces visibility and results in surface industrial sources;residential and agricultural burning.Also <br /> Matter(PM2.5) Annual 12µglm3 15.0µglm3 soiling. formed from photochemical reactions of other pollutants, <br /> Avg. including NOx,sulfur oxides,and organics. <br /> Monthly 1.5µfilm 3 _ Disturbs gastrointestinal system,and causes anemia,kidney Present source:lead smelters,battery manufacturing and <br /> Lead Avg. disease,and neuromuscular and neurological dysfunction. recycling facilities.Past source:combustion of leaded <br /> Quarterly 1.5µgW gasoline. <br /> Hydrogen 1 hour 0.03 m _ Causes nuisance odor(rotten egg smell)and headache and Geothermal power plants,petroleum production and <br /> Sulfide pp breathing difficulties(higher concentrations). refining. <br /> Sulfates 24 hour 25 4g/m3 __ Causes breathing difficulties,aggravates asthma,and Produced by the reaction in the air of S02. <br /> reduces visibility. <br /> Visibility- Extinction of Reduces visibility,reduces airport safety,lowers real estate See PM2.5. <br /> Reducing 8 hour 0.23/km w value,and discourages tourism. <br /> Particles visibility of 10 <br /> miles or more <br /> Notes: ppm=parts per million;pg/m3=micrograms per cubic meter;km=kilometer. <br /> Sources California Air Resources Board(CARB),2010 and CARE,2009. <br /> lean i� 5-25 <br />