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volatile organic compounds ("VOC") and oxides of nitrogen ("NOx") emissions will likely be exceeded during project operations. Also, toxic air contaminants (diesel particulate matter ("DPM")) thresholds related to health risks are expected to be exceeded during project operations. On August 27, 1998, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) adopted a resolution identifying diesel exhaust particulate as a toxic air contaminant. A substance is considered toxic if it has the potential to cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious illness or if it may pose a present or potential hazard to human health. Cumulative air quality impacts from criteria air pollutants and toxic air contaminants from the project will also likely exceed thresholds. However, the level of criteria air pollutant impacts indicated a significant, but temporary impact due to NOx emissions (In 2013 and 2021) and VOC emissions (in 2021 only). By 2035, the DEIR indicated that both the project's NOx and VOC emissions will decline to level below the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District's significance thresholds. Short-term air quality impacts during construction will be less than significant with implementation of the mitigation measures that include the utilization of standard construction measures to control construction-related emissions, including fugitive dust emissions. Air quality impacts arising from project operations will be less than significant with implementation of mitigation measures that require the incorporation of measures to reduce criteria pollutant emissions from project operations, including, all facility switch locomotives shall meet Tier 0 Plus emission levels by 2021, the facility shall implement an anti-idling policy at the facility that generally limits non-necessary idling of cargo-handling equipment to five minutes or less, the facility shall install an automatic gate system (AGS), one hundred percent of Direct-to-Locomotive (DTL) refueling performed at the facility shall be with diesel fuel meeting CARB's specification for on-highway diesel (i.e., with CARB diesel), and the facility shall install electrical infrastructure (i.e. "a reefer rack") to support the operation of one hundred percent of the expected container TRUs on electrical power while being stored at the facility. Cumulative air quality impacts from criteria pollutant emissions and toxic air contaminants (DPM) from the project will be less than significant with implementation of the mitigation measures to reduce both �. criteria pollutant and DPM emissions. The project's impact to air quality, has been identified as a potentially significant impact but will be reduced to a less than significant impact with the incorporation of the mitigation measures. Aesthetics Lighting for the project will be provided by high mast lighting on freestanding poles, with varied illumination levels depending on operational, security, and safety requirements. No residences are located in the immediate vicinity of the site and thus lighting impacts will be experienced by more distant residential areas such as the Del Webb neighborhood. Most of the homes in this area are one story and located behind solid walls that line Airport Way. This fact, combined with the distance from the site, will reduce significant light and glare from the expanded operations for residences, as lights will not shine directly into residential windows. However, operations at the site will occur 24-hours per day and 365 days per year. Thus, lighting at the facility will occur during all hours of darkness and will change the existing agricultural ambience of the site. Impacts to aesthetics from light and glare from project operations will be less than significant with implementation of mitigation measures that require that all lighting shall be effectively shielded to prevent spillage beyond the area requiring lighting for safety and operational purposes. Further, no lighting shall be directed off the site or placed directionally so that lighting will shine outwards during project operations, and any off-site lighting at nearby parcels shall be less than one-foot candle. With implementation of the mitigation measures, the project's incremental contribution to cumulative San Joaquin County PA-0900184 & 185\Union Pacific Community Development Page 9