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Forced Air Composting Windrowing <br /> . Static Pile Aeration Thin-spread Landfarming <br /> Forced air composting has been utilized during periods of <br /> inclement weather and under circumstances where space for <br /> treatment is limited It involves the thorough mixing of <br /> contaminated soil with organic material with certain <br /> forms of compost having proven to be superior bulking <br /> agents and sources of non-pathogenic hydrocarbon utilizing <br /> bacteria and fungi , as well as a supplier of nutrients , <br /> minerals , and moisture The amended soil is then formed <br /> into large , quadrilateral beds through which slotted piping <br /> is placed The piping is then connected to pumps that draw <br /> air through the beds in order to maintain adequate levels <br /> of oxygen within . Beds may also be covered to regulate <br /> temperature and protect against extreme weather conditions . <br /> Static pile aeration is similar to forced-air composting , <br /> except that no piping is placed within the treatment bed as <br /> periodic cooler temperatures create conditions favorable to <br /> the passive movement of air into the beds This air then <br /> heated and moves upward as a result of biological activity , <br /> drawing cooloer, ambient air into the bed <br /> Windrowing is a process that utilizes a specially modified <br /> soils mixing machine to construct three to five foot high <br /> beds of amended soil The beds are turned periodically to <br /> maintain aerobic conditions and adjust soil particle size <br /> With thin-spread landfarming , contaminated soil is spread <br /> thinly (usually to a depth of 9-12 inches) to permit <br /> passive aeration and make permit further mixing, <br /> z <br /> In all cases , the treatment beds must be carefully <br /> monitored to ensure that appropriate soil conditions exist <br /> for the development and maintenance of high biomass <br /> Direct readings , and uncertified/certified analyses are <br /> taken to determine rates of hydrocarbon degradation, soil <br /> moisture , pH, and nutrient levels <br /> Final sampling for certified analyses is in accordance with <br /> regulatory agency guidelines with contaminants frequently <br /> reduced to below laboratory detection limits <br /> The following is a summary of some of the bioremediation <br /> projects successfully completed by EPM staff • <br /> IV. <br />