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' Uses of ORC on Other Sources of Contamination ' The first applications of ORC were for the treatment of BTEX and other light petroleum hydrocarbon fractions Its use has now expanded to the treatment of heavier tractions such as home heating oil and certain polyc)cltc aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) More recently, ORC has been used to bioremediate the highly mobile and problematic gasoline ' oxygenate MTBE and has been applied to sites impacted with chloroaromatics, nitroaromatics and some of the lower- order chlorinated ahphatics that can be treated aerobically — most notably vinyl chloride Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) Vinyl Chloride MTBE complicates remedtanon and closure of properties The presence of oxygen stimulates the degradation of vinvl ' contaminated with BTEX and other fuel hydrocarbons chloride and is the basis upon which ORC has been shown because it is highly soluble and does not readily retard on to effectnvely treat taus contaminant The metabolism of vinyl the aquifer matrix Other complexities with this compound chloride may proceed via two possible oxygen-demanding ' have limited the use of mechanical treatment methods in processes (direct substrate oxidation and/or co-metabolism) favor of in-situ aerobic bioremediation of MTBE,which can The accelerated bioremediation of vinyl chloride has been be enhanced by oxygen and specifically by ORC demonstrated several times and published It is useful to note that Regenesis played a recogni/ed In one such example ORC socks were used in a recirculat- industry role in demonstrating the importance of oxygen in ing well system as a polishing step to the anaerobic treatment MTBE bioremediation Since 1997,we have provided several of the parent product TCE After 110 days the average con- reports in the literature of positive field remediation results centrations of VC in three monitoring wells declined 47 per- with ORC barriers and source treatments We also sponsored cent(Lewis,R F,et a] 1998) In another example ORC slurry onginal work at universities and private research laboratories was injected throughout a -ontanitnated plume (Ticy, D P, that elucidates key microbiological aspects of MTBE biore- 1998) Residual vinvi chloride concentrations were effectively mediation Many other reports, parallel and subsequent to reniediated after nitural attenuation h-id stalled Con- the Regenesis findings, now clearly define the value of oxy- centrations in areas of the plume that had not been so treated gen in the remediation of MTBE The best summaries to increased Based on the results,the existing mechanical control date of the field and laboratory work, that includes com- systems were shut down in favor of an ongoing ORC treatment peridiums of site management strategies to which the Regenesis work has contributed,can be found in Koenigsberg Complex Organic Mixtures Featuring et al, 1997 and Stocking et al 1999 Nitroaromatics and Chloroaromattcs ' The uppermost aquiferbeineath a chemical plant contained Horne Heating Oil residual concentrations of nitrochlorobenzene from a tank Releases of heating oil,kerosene and diesel from residential car spill, as well as pre-existing levels of other organic com- ' storage tanks have become an increasing and costly problem pounds including nitro-imlme and chloroaniline The aquifer and the use of excavation and/or mechanical remedies is consists of low permeability clays and silts, and produces often physically or economically unfeasible Also, by their only a few gallons of groundwater per day from a shallow residential nature these contaminated sites are more likely to recovery well previously installed for remediation Soil removal impact receptors Fortunately, the use of ORC is a low cost wis the principle mechanism to treat the tank car spill passive option as cited in the following example Subsequently, recovery of residual groundwater cointanrtna- A 550-gallon UST was excavated from a residential site tion has been ineffective for more than 10 years due to low ' nn Middlesex County, New Jersey The UST was located aquifer yield,and the recalcitrant nature of the cont-immants immediately adjacent to the foundation of the residence and The ORC was injected into the six foot thick aquifer in a additional remedial excavation could not be performed grid pattern covering approximately 900 square feet After without undermining the foundation Groundwater mons- seven months the accelerated aerobic bioremediation poten- tonng revealed a TPH concentration of 6,605 ppb (pg/I), so tial was demonstrated Levels of nitioanili ne and chloroani- 60 pounds of ORC was injected in three bortngs After 5 line were reduced 95%and 83%respects,ely Other contain- months, the T'PH was non-detect (ND), subsequent sam- inant reductions at the site include nitrochlorobenzene pling confirmed the result (7401o), chlorobenzerie (64%) and naphthalene(910/6) l'.n ICI (lame,14 }e.lrn.nn,f(-and WL Mum. 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