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symptoms, and treatment methods for two primary forms of cold stress (frostbite and <br /> hypothermia) are discussed below. <br /> FROSTBITE <br /> Causes and Effects <br /> Frostbite occurs when ice crystals form in body tissue, usually the nose, ears, chin, cheeks, <br /> fingers, or toes. Frostbite develops in stages. Early on, pain may be felt in the affected area, <br /> but later disappears. The area may then feel numb and very cold. The stages and degrees of <br /> frostbite damage are as follows: <br /> • Frostnip or Incipient Frostbite - Skin is balanced or whitened and feels hard on the <br /> surface. Underlying tissue still feels soft. <br /> • Moderate Frostbite - Large blisters may form on the surface and underlying tissue. <br /> • Deep Frostbite - Tissues are cold, pale, and hard. Tissue damage may be severe. <br /> Treatment <br /> • Move person to a warm place. <br /> • Immerse the frozen part in warm (100 - 105°F) but not hot water. Handle them gently <br /> and do not rub or massage. <br /> • After warming, loosely bandage and seek medical treatment. <br /> Rough&Ready Island 17 Tetra Tech, Inc. <br /> Revised Draft HSP November 18, 1998 <br />