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' from the aqueous phase. Upon entering the microbubbles, MTBE and BTEX compounds react with 03 in the gaseous state or in the aqueous "thin layer" surrounding the bubble to decompose contaminants. Because of the high solubility of 03, over 10 times that of oxygen (CRC, 1972), ' the decomposed 03 leaves behind elevated dissolved oxygen. In general the rate of removal has been sensitive to 03 concentration, pressure, and iron silicate content although the iron silicate content is not a major concern at the Jamar property due to initial groundwater chemistry. The ' reaction rapidly detoxifies groundwater containing MTBE and BTEX compounds, specifically benzene, to groundwater standards without producing harmful byproducts. The reaction is ' produced with very low 03 concentrations--molar ratios—compared to volatile organic compounds (VOC) concentrations in groundwater. The Henry's Constant which regulates the partitioning of MTBE from aqueous to gaseous state is ' about one-tenth that of benzene derivatives. However, according to the manufacturer of the C- Sparge system the surface-to-volume ratio increase of over 30-fold compensates to promote rapid ' in situ stripping of MTBE. 03 contained within the bubble and thin film around the bubble reacts extremely rapidly to decompose the MTBE into simple products: alcohols, acetate and formate. The residual oxygen from the reaction encourages bioremediation, which consumes the ' breakdown products and converts them to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (1120). In both bench- scale testing and field-testing, 03 microbubbles appeared effective in reducing MTBE concentrations to beyond 90%of original levels (Kerfoot, 2000). C-SpargeTM (microbubble 03) 03 + 2H+ + 2e>OZ+2H2O ' 4.2 General C-SpargeTM Remediation System Description 4.2.1 C-SpargeTM System Equipment Description The C-SpargeTM system became operational on June 17, 2004. Figure 11 shows the remediation system compound location as well as the injection and groundwater monitoring well network for the Jamar property. ' The C-SpargeTM remediation system at the Jamar property consists of a KVA C-SpargeTM System Series 5030 model. This includes a small profile Master Unit (43"w x 29.5% x 12"d, 120 lbs) which has a capacity of serving up to twelve (12) Spargepoints® sequentially but is currently ' serving 10 Spargepoints® (Attachment 4). Figure 12 is a general process and instrumentation (P&ID) diagram for the Jamar property remediation system. Two sparge points are installed in each of five injection wells (IWi through IW5) at the Jamar property. Each of the eight-sparge points in IW1 through IW4 is on separate injection intervals. The two-sparge points in IW5 are combined together. 03 is injected sequentially in each of the 8 separate sparge points at eight-minute intervals and for 16 minutes at the combined sparge point in IW5. This is 80 minutes for all sparge points combined with one shut-off period for 10 minutes after all intervals are completed or ninety minutes for a complete cycle including the ' S:1258231QM reports12004 3QR.doc 5 ATC Associates inc. 1