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adapted for closed canopy forest life. The density of leaves of live oak trees provide ample opportunities for increased invertebrate production and consequently insectivorous species of birds. Because these forests are closed and interleaf space is narrow, small gleaning birds are best able to exploit the canopy. Small flocks of kinglets (winter), titmice, warblers (migration and winter), and vireos are all common during migration. Most can be seen frequenting the edges of the dense forest. Small woodpeckers, Nuttall's (Picoides nunallii) and downy (Picoides pubescens), will also benefit. Small forest hawks (Cooper's and sharp-shinned) will benefit from the increased habitat. Additional forest will also support more red-shouldered hawks. The gray tree squirrel, a local species in the valley floor, gray fox, and other small mammals will benefit from additional forest habitat. Establishment of elderberries in the understory will provide habitat for the valley elderberry longhorn beetle (VELB). A VELB sanctuary will be established in two localities within live oak forest. The first will be located where the species was found (Resource Map). The second will be established in the restoration area. Forest edges along the fairways will provide foraging corridors for small songbirds. The species that are common in the forest, titmouse, bushtit, scrub jay, small woodpeckers, warblers, and Hutton's vireo all readily adapt to the presence of humans. All can be found in similar habitats on other golf courses in the area (pers. obs.). The California Department of Fish and Game (written response to the Supplemental Biotics Survey 1993)commented on the fragmentation of the forest and its impacts on birds within the forest,particularly for allowing access for brown-headed cowbirds. Brovelli woods is already a fragmentary habitat that allows full access for cowbirds. The species is Buckeye Ranch Resource Plan (November, 1993) 172