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Forty feet by forty feet or approximately 1600 square feet should be provided for each avoided elderberry shrub, each transplanted elderberry shrub, and every five transplanted elderberry shrubs and associated native plants (see sections 3 and 4 below). The mitigation area should be designated as habitat for the valley elderberry longhorn beetle in perpetuity. The mitigation area should be designated to prevent isolation of the beetle population from other populations located in adjacent areas. A conservation easement or fee title for the mitigation area should be given to a resource agency or appropriate private organization. The Service should be provided with a map and written details specifically identifying the mitigation area prior to the initiation of the mitigation program. The applicant should receive written approval from the Service that the mitigation area is acceptable prior to initiation of the mitigation program. 3. Procedure to plant additional stems. Each stem one inch or greater in diameter that is moved or destroyed will be replaced with seedling elderberry plants in the mitigation area using a ratio from 2:1 to 5:1. This replacement requirement applies even if the elderberry shrub is transplanted. Replacement stock should be obtained from local sources. The approval of the Service should be obtained prior to initiating the compensation program. The ratio is determined as follows: Ratio of 2:1 Elderberry shrubs with stem diameters one inch or greater and there are not adult emergence holes. Ratio of 3:1 Elderberry shrubs with stem diameters one inch or greater. Beetles are present as evidenced by emergence holes, and occur in 50 percent or less of the shrubs. Ratio of 5:1 Elderberry shrubs with stem diameters one inch or greater in size. Beetles are present as evidenced by emergence holes, and occur in 51 percent or greater of the shrubs. 5