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Water Analysis Anions ppm meq/I ppm(CaCOJ Cations ppm meq/1 Nitrate 93 1.5(L) 76(t-,) Calcium 90 4.5 Sulphate 98 2.0 100 Magnesium 18 1.5 Chloride 71 2.0 100 Sodium 30 1.3 (HCO3 122 2_0 100] Potassium 8 0.2 Total Anions 7.5 Total Cations 7.5 Equivalent Mineral Acidity(EMA) 5_5 Nitrate _ NOa _ 76 _ 0.43 Nitrate + Sulphate NOa+ SO; 76 + 100 •Nole:Unless concentration of bicarbonates is well above average a rkes not affect the performance to a signwunt extent. A regeneration level of 125 g NaCIA has first been chosen,using co-current regeneration. To calculate the cyclic throughput from the equations given above; From Fig. 3, Base Capacity at 0.43 for N®N®SO; = 0.36 eqA From Fig. 4, Leakage at -0.43 NO3 „ 2391® NO3-+ SO; Hence for each Iitre of resin,throughput a (0.3611.15) x 103 litres ® 313 Iltres And for each cubic foot of resin, - (7.9/(0.058 x 57.7)] x 103 2360 U.S. gal. Depending upon the throughput requirement the counter-current regeneration in this case. Reference resin volume is chosen so as to operate within the to Fig.5 will show that the basic capacity curve is very flow rate stipuiations given in the standard operating similar. However the throughput will be lower, conditions above. A design factor of 0.9 Is also rec- because the reduced leakage increases the ion omrnended as is customary.Hence throughputAitre of exchange load for a given throughput. When on the resin for design purposes will be 313 x 0.9 = 281.7 other hand nitrate concentrations or ratios are higher, liters(2124 U.S.gale). it may be advantageous to operate counter-current In this exempla the leakage Is 17.3 ppm as CaCO3 rather than increase the regeneration level while (21.4 ppm as NO3hence the useful option to blend operating co-current. In this way a suitable blend may treated water with raw water on a 50%basis could be be obtained with lower regeneranY costs(and costs of applied. It would be of no advantage to move to d°sposal)'