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geometry of the proposed expanded landfill, the differential settlement of <br />existing wastes is expected to be negligible. The settlement analyses of new <br />wastes indicate that significant settlement can occur. However, assuming a <br />uniform settlement potential for refuse of 25%, the minimum landfill final <br />cover slope gradient is calculated to drop from 5% to 3.75%. If randomly <br />differential settlement of 22% to 28% occurs, the calculations indicate that the <br />final cover gradient could range from 1 % to 6% in areas where a 5% cover <br />gradient is constructed. <br />The settlement calculations also indicate a potential to promote ponding or to <br />damage geomembrane cover layers if voids develop in refuse within 10 or 3 <br />feet of the cover, respectively. In order to avoid this condition, additional load <br />checks and waste disposal inspections will be performed to exclude large, <br />potentially void -susceptible materials from the waste fill. <br />3.4.2 SURVEY/SETTLEMENT MONUMENTATION <br />In order to monitor the future settlement of the Stage IA partial closure area, <br />a settlement and survey monuments will be installed on the landfill in <br />accordance with 27 CCR, Section 20950 (d). These monuments are <br />proposed to consist of galvanized pipe, two inches in diameter and six inches <br />in length placed in blocks of concrete, 24 -inches in diameter by eight inches <br />in depth. A nail and tag will be placed in the center of each monument for <br />identification (see Detail 3 on Drawing Sheet D-3). <br />One settlement monument is proposed to be placed on the bench of the <br />Stage IA partial closure area as shown on Drawing Sheet 2. Survey <br />monuments will be placed on undisturbed ground as reference points not <br />subject to settlement as shown on Drawing Sheet 2. These points are the <br />horizontal and vertical control points for the site aerial topographic survey and <br />will be maintained or replaced, as needed, throughout the post -closure <br />maintenance period. An aerial photographic survey of the site with a <br />maximum contour interval of two feet will be performed and provided to the <br />RWQCB, LEA and the CIWMB upon completion of closure activities. The <br />settlement monument will be surveyed upon completion of all closure <br />construction activities. Additionally, in accordance with 27 CCR <br />requirements, Forward Landfill Inc. will update the aerial survey of the Stage <br />IA partial closure area every five years throughout the post -closure <br />Forward Landfill PFCPCMP 3-8 <br />Z:\PROJECTSWIIied Waste\Forward\Reference Files Prior JTD\June 05 Stage IA Partial FCPCMP\FL-sec3.doc: 6/16/2008 <br />