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05/26/2009 . 13:18 9518273349 DOUGLAS KUNEY PAGE 03/10 <br /> I <br /> LAGOON DESIGN Ali? XMamg= FOR L& ER WAS'T'E TMTXUqT AM STORAGE <br /> ,Tames C. Barker,* Philip W. Westerman.,* and L1. Safley* <br /> The- trend away from small dispersed poultry production fruits to larger <br /> coxneentrated operations has increased maxaagament requir;;cnts for manure and <br /> wastewatet- Utilization systems which conserve fertilized nutrients often are <br /> more sophisticated, expensive and laborious for handling concentrated wastes. <br /> Systems which pretreat raw .waste for managemexit ease wally result in a <br /> loss of fertilizer nutrients. Any waste handling lyst must meet existing <br /> stream pollution regulations which stipulate that polutaits not be discharged <br /> from conceDtrated animal feeding operations directly into Isurface waters. <br /> Lagoons became popular for poultry waste treatment las historic interest <br /> to utilize msnure. fertiliser nutrients by direct land application was replaced <br /> by desires to have more convenient waste management Systems. originally <br /> viewed as a total, disposal system; it has become recognized that in moisture <br /> excess regions, lagoons are just one pretreatment process in the overall waste <br /> MaXtay'vMVILL Plaut. Lagoons usually fill to capacity afte� two or tbxeo ywarxp <br /> due to the waste volume being added and a rainfall surplus. When the filling <br /> Process is complete, ov*rflow will occur unless the oper4tox is in a position <br /> to apply the excess liquid back to field crops, grassland or woodlots. <br /> Lagoons act as biological digesters in which two mai or types of bacteri4 <br /> decompose organic matter into gases, liquids and sludge.) Anaerobic bacteria, <br /> present in the intestinal tract of ,warm-blooded animals, do not survive in the <br /> presence of free oxygen. Aerobic bacteria require free eiamentai oxygen. <br /> I <br /> ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES <br /> i <br /> Advantages of lagoon systems for treatment of poultry wase include: <br /> i <br /> 1. Waste treatment ease and convenience <br /> 2. Storage and disposal flexibility allows opportul*- field spreading. <br /> 3. Less land is required for the total treatment stem. <br /> 4. Liquid can be recycled for flushing wastes fr{ building pits or <br /> laird applied by simple irrigation. ! <br /> 5. Lover labor requirements and operating costs <br /> Disadvantages of lagoon systems are. <br /> I <br /> I <br /> 1. Apprec-cable lase of =aware fertilizer value, <br /> 2. Offensive odors if improperly designed and t�aana�ed. <br /> 3. Frequent sludge removal may be required if lagoon is undersized. <br /> 4.. Groundwater protection considerations. � <br /> S. High energy costs if mechanical aeration is used. <br /> i <br /> * Professors, Biological and.Agricultural EngiueeringfDepartment, Nortb <br /> Carolina Mate University, Raleigh, Nc. <br /> Presented at National Poultry Waste Matagement Sym osium. Columbus, OR <br /> April 15-19, 1988. � <br /> i <br /> 26 i <br />