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05/26/2009 13:18 9518273349 DOUGLAS KUNEV PAGE 05/11 <br /> yp <br /> lagoon loading rates for the United scares recommended bY the Amerlr:ai society <br /> of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE Engineering Practice EI'403) ranging from 2.8 <br /> to 4.8 lbs VS / day / 1000 Cubic feet of lagoon liquid volume for cold to warm <br /> climates, respectively. This translates to a design treatment volume range of <br /> 10.1 cubic feet of lagoon liquid per bird in warm climates to 17.2 cubic feet t. <br /> per bird in cold climates Cot layer operations. <br /> Lagoons may be round, square, rectangular, or irregularly shaped to fit <br /> existing terrain provided the perimeter does not conta '.n unusually deep bays A. <br /> or pockets. Length-to-width ratios for rectangular 'la. oons should not exceed <br /> 4.1 to encourage even distribution of waste. Sideclopas ganerally vary from <br /> 1:1 in clay soils to 3;1 in sandy soils. A mimimum Uquid depth of 6 feet <br /> should always be maintained in an anaerobic lagoonMaximum depths are <br /> dictated by soil and groundwater site constraints but may range up to 20 feet' <br /> to minimize the surface area and to encourage dissolution of anaerobic gases. <br /> A 1v:vel lagoaA bottom is desirable blit not absolutely n�cessary. <br /> A site investigation by an agency with soils expe�tise such as the Soil <br /> Conservation Service should be made to determine Luxe sail oharacteristies and <br /> suitability of the site for lagoon construction. Location oxo highly permeable <br /> soils which will not seal or shallow soils over 'high vta6r tables or fractured <br /> or cavernous rock may allow groundwater contamination. i Several studies have <br /> shown that most livestock and poultry lagoons receivI.As raw manure quickly <br /> seal limiting soil permeability t-a as low as le-6 cm/,vae. The sealing <br /> mecism is mainly physical, i.e. , organic solids are trapped within soil <br /> pores at the soil surface. Biological mechanisms also balp bind manure solids <br /> to soil particles thus strengthening the seal. Ch&mical constituents of <br /> manure such as sodium also tend to disperse soil parti, les. The pxedomxxtance <br /> of professioual opinion auggeeto that -with proper f-niri.al site selection ' <br /> poultry lagoons have very little potential for groundwater Contamination. <br /> a t <br /> Figure 1 outlines x lagoon management scheme. New lagoons should be <br /> filled one-half full with water before waste loading begins. Start-up during <br /> warm weather and seeding with bottom sludge from a working lagoon will speed <br /> . i <br /> Table 2. U.S. Poultry Anaerobic Lagoon Desilgn Criteria <br /> II <br /> 8ixd type Average Recommended Maximum Retlommended Minimum Lagoon <br /> Bird Lagoon Tiag 8 Rate* b�sign Treatment Capacity <br /> � <br /> Live -�I----------------------- <br /> Weight <br /> -- - -- ------- <br /> Weight Warm** - Mild*** ..Cold**** wa�u ---- Mild-- Cold <br /> lbs <br /> ------------- ---------lbs-V5/day/100U:ft3- ------ <br /> Layer 4.o 4.8 3.8 2_9 loll 12.7 17.2 <br /> Pullet 1.5 4.8 3.8 2,8 318 4.8 6.5 <br /> * American Society of Agricultural Engineers Eniineering Practice EF403 <br /> fir Southwest border, central TX, north FL; no ice formed during winter. <br /> *** Northern CA, nort..hnrn NM, central M4. northein NC; some. ice. <br /> *e** Northern WA, northern SD, northern WI, southeim ME; considerable ice, <br /> 1 <br /> 28 i <br /> I <br />