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LFR Levine-Fricke The first two criteria are "threshold criteria" that must be satisfied for an alternative to be eligible for selection. The next five criteria are "primary balancing criteria" used to weigh major tradeoffs among alternatives. The last two criteria are "modifying factors" that are formally taken into account after public and regulatory comments are received on the RAP. These criteria are summarized below and described in detail in U.S. EPA guidance documents (U.S. EPA 1988). Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment. This criterion assesses whether an alternative is protective of human health and the environment considering the Site's characteristics and the expected risk reduction to be achieved. Assessment is based on the protection provided by each alternative and how each alternative is affected by other criteria, especially long-term effectiveness and permanence, short-term effectiveness, toxicity, mobility, volume reduction, and compliance with state and federal requirements. Compliance with State and Federal Requirements. This criterion determines whether a remedial alternative will comply with state and federal statutes and regulations. As this is an interim measure, state and federal requirements will not be used to establish a final cleanup goal for the Site at this time. However, the interim remedial action will be consistent with other state and federal requirements. Long-Term Effectiveness and Permanence. This criterion examines the impact of an alternative in the long term, defined in U.S. EPA guidance as the time after the RAO has been met(U.S. EPA 1988). The magnitude of residual risk and the adequacy and reliability of controls are considered. Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume through Treatment. This criterion evaluates the degree to which treatment processes are used to reduce the toxicity, mobility, and volume of affected material compared to conditions prior to the remedial action. By including this criterion, U.S. EPA has explicitly stated that treatment is preferred to other options. Production and management of hazardous residuals resulting from the treatment process must be considered to evaluate the potential for continued toxicity and mobility. Short-Term Effectiveness. This criterion considers the impact of an alternative in the short term, defined in U.S. EPA guidance as the time required for planning, construction, and operation of remediation systems until the RAO is achieved(U.S. EPA 1988). Impacts on workers, the community, and the environment must be considered. The amount of time required to attain the RAO (i.e., the estimated duration of the remedial measure)is also a factor. Implementability. This criterion evaluates the technical and administrative feasibility of implementing an alternative. Technical feasibility focuses on factors related to construction and operation of the alternative and also includes the availability of required equipment, materials, and services ranging from heavy construction equipment to laboratory services. Administrative feasibility addresses the practical Final_RAP_Tracy_9.18.03(final).doc Page 9