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AUG-17-19'98 08:71 FPLN P-JBL I C HEALTH SERO?CES TO 9'1e:DJ1-�3 H. ' AUG-1- -19re 09:21 FF.Ut'1 JA :ittjH"3!L 4'lL:t4 _i 7 7Y0.}J4GJ LEA Advisory #46 November 6, I997 Pale 3 of 8 fragMentation will be rapidly convened into secondary products. Several aromatic and cvChe compounds by means of the Diels-Aldrr reaction are also produced. ix 11 1185 been Shawn that open burning. regardless of feed stock or fuel, results in greater mutagenic emission factors than does controlled combustion provided by incinerators,boilers,cement lcilrrs, or other combustion devices. Chunk tires produce higher burn rates and marc potent organic emissions than do shredded tires.. The mutagenic emission factor for tete open burning of tires was 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than that for the combustion of ail,coal. or wood in a utility boiler. x Airborne Emissions All tire fires may vary and the exact emisrivns=dcwrcentratriom ca=iTwt be predicted. There are many factors that influence the ernissions produced while the fire is Darning. Some of these Factors include the amount of fuel. fire temperature,nietervlogia conditions,topography of the area.etc. to most cases airborne emissions focmd will include volatile organics,semivelatile organics(including polycyclic arcrnatic hydrocarbons(PAH)), carbon monoxide,attd p+trticulate matter,which includes metals. In 1983,the National Institute of Oavpational Safety and Health (NIOSH)evaluated a fimcontaining appmximately 5 ntillion tires. This fire,called the Rhinehart Tire Fire.covered a 4-acre site and created a black Flume of smoke approximately 3,000 feetiTigh aad 30-50 miles long. The NIOSH evaluation showed no acute hazard for employees performing containment end cleanup operations. Airborne mr.�i(nring of:fie ptnme indicated the prescsice of rar6va rnvnosido(SO-100 pgm), PAH(58-6502 ngiin3), metals(all below 2 ug/m3 except lead,zinc,and iron),total organic compounds(0.73-0.8I rnVm3 ), and nitrosamine(below laboratory detection limits). (See report for mare specific emission Lula iuforrnativn.) The potential for excessive inhalarion expostue to PAHs and carbon monoxide and dermal absorption of heavy acetals,primarily zinc and kad,were reported as exposure concerns. Voistiic organic sniissiwls wcra dete1.icd Jul ill*01c 16-mre Pancc-re Tire Fire,which tT med 3-5 million tires within a steep-sided box canyon. $cnzene concentrations did not exceed OS KA aril NIOSH allowable exposure levels when sampled on two different days at a location 50 feet dowrtwind of the fire. ;Measured benzene ltrveis ranged from .43-.50 mg/10. Airborne emission sampling also detected,not significantly, FAHs,metals,and sem. volatile organics(see report far mote specific emission data infannation). These concentrations did not exceed regulatory allowable exrAlsalre Ir'VIS Sampling points were 50 feet downwind,50 feet upwind and west and east of The visual smoke pltuae.xl Subsequent industrial hygiene monitoring of Hoard personnel many wvcks after the fire had bean ertanguishtd indicated no omploycc 4ycrclposvrc. $sn1P1in91v-suks ii dicatcd no detectable hydrocarbons or heavy metals dust(7-inc,cadmium,C}frvmium,and lean)_ Vic breathing zone sampits were taken during site supervision and the soil sampling process. Air monitoring results of employees performing remediation activities,specifically scraping barn residues from the canyon walls onto the floor, showed the presence of nuisance particulate(.31-i 1 mg/M3 ),zinc(<0.002-1 I tngfm3 ),and FAHs below their detection limits(See report for more specific errii«ion data information). xtt [It a controlled burn chamber simulating open burning of scrag tires,a fl.5. EPA report estimated emissions of sentivolatile organics ranged from 10 to 50 SU of tire material burned. It is likely that emissions tnoasumd during Ibis study characterize an actual fare,but the sirnilarity of actual gaseous concentrations and estimated emi5ssions may not be reprewtativ[. The predominant ernis'sion products ideirtifed.vere rnonoarornatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The plresencc of bcnzo(a)pYlcsrC in particulate inxtracts is notable because of the compoutrd's carcinogenicity. High emissions of other coinpotinds, particularly benzene, with concentrations often exceeding I ppin, may pose a significant