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AUG-1?-19 +8 G18 3? FPf�9 PUBLIC HEALTH ScRUICES TO y4t�1VJ1�� P.&) LEA Advisory #46 November 5, 1997 Page 4of8 health risk. Zinc and lead in gaseous particulate vers also verified and qua 166cd. (Sec gaper for more specific emission delta information.}xttt Fxarninatinn and charaderizatiari experimtnU me"uring emissions front combustion of scrag tire material were performed in a rotary kiln incinerator simulator. 'These experiments ailoHed controlled combustion where fled rales,trunperatures,and oxygen concentrations could be controlled and varied. Results indicated that, if leu, Gd is a stcady-state mode,tire-derived fuel combustion will result In very low elnissions of carbon monoxide,total hydrocarbons,volatile and semivolatile organics,and metal aerosols.(See paper for mon specific emission dais information.)xiv Polychlorinated dibenzo-p•dioxius(PCDD)and polychlorinated dibenzofuratts(PCDf)were measured it]ambient air during a burning Lire fire. Concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs in ambient air,converted to toxicity equivalents(TECH)bry application of the inters' botul Toxicity Equivalency Factors showed sites one kilometer(kin)downwind of the fin were an order of magnitude higher than at tliree kms downwind. Steer,et.al.mpctted that measurement of volatile organic compounds(VOC)and polycrclie aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)measured both in the plume and downwind of the source showed no PCDDs or PCDFs.xy Potential Environmental Contamination Uncontrolled open We burning poses poteatiai environmental efftec'ts by comwitutation of the soil,and groused and surface water. lie two fire by-products, which pose a mayor coacern,arc the generation of pyrolytic oil and ash. Ek cruse of the starves#-air conditions and the intense heat generated by an uncatttrolled lire fire,pvtnlytic reactions occur,producing a free-flowing,oily tar. "Chis pyrolyl c oil product consists of naphthalenes, anthracene,benzenes,thiawles,amines,ethyl benzene, toluene,and other hydwcsrbons. Also included are instals such as cadmium,chromium,nickel and zinc. This pyrolytic oil material cors contaminate soil, and ground and surface water sturoundins the site. Maximum production of'.1ss pyrolytic oil material occurs at about 200°C and exhibits properties similar to treating oil. in a field-scale gasification reactor it was found ural a greater portion of pyrolytic oil was lxoduced at the beginning of the process. Water applied to tire tires Often increases the production of pwclytic oil and provides a method of transport for the oils to move off site arra acceiemte contamination of sons and water.xvi Analyscs of ash prudmcil as a L7-prexluct of tiro rues typically show the Presence of heavy metals_ High concentrations of metals such as lead,cadmium,and zinc are not uncommon. Fry ash has been shown to be rich in zinc, probably due to the fact that zine is found in the curing agent during fire manufacturing. C.aboratory analysis of soil samples,taken from a tate fire in BakersAeld indicated the total concentration of zinc exceeded the total threshold limit concentration(TTLC)[78M mg/kg and 15800 mgfkgl• The I TLC for zinc is 5,000 mg/kg. Lac concentrations at the Panoche Waste Tire Site were also found to be extremely high(32,300-155,000 mglkg). Background zinc soil conccntrmions for the site averaged 64 tng.1lcg while underlying soil &csteath the asrt enneentrati0"- 't mnged frorn 74 to 179 mVlcg.xvii At the R.hinchart Tire Site elevated levels of zinc were identificd in surface water samples and an site soils. A comparison of zinc levels in background sediments(93 ppm)with the highest zinc level found on the lice (2$80 ppm)showed a sipificarn imrcasc.xvisi (Sae reports for muse spcciia:emission dura information,) The fire ata u:ed t"facility near Hfipmvillc in Ontarie,Canada was monitomd by the Ontario Ministry of Ettvimri ment and Energy(MOEE)for impacts on the site and surrounding environment. Soil samples 00 -. e V-1.7%4 '11�'emM �Tl!�Jr'�71t1 t �• h�J��tJ ��,: �1�� i