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Everest, Washington fire (September 25 - October 10, 1984) and the Rhinehart tire fire, Winchester, Virginia, 1984 (presented above). These results are presented in Table 10. For reference, the TLV-TWA and Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) values are also presented. IDLH concentrations represent the maximum concentration from which, in the event of a failure of a worker's respirator device, the worker could escape within 30 minutes without experiencing any escape-impairing (e.g., severe eye irritation) or irreversible health effects. The authors conclude that "although no consistency with respect to sampling/monitoring methodologies or approach may be assumed among these three incidents, the data do not suggest that severe, acute health threats . . . were present at any of the three incidents." However, the authors also note that, as the mixture of carbon black and PAHs is considered carcinogenic, the smoke plume or its residues may present a chronic health threat. 2.5 PREVENTING AND MANAGING TIRE FIRES The Scrap Tire Management Council [(Council, or STMC) Washington D.C.] is an independent advocacy organization created by the North American tire industry. The Council's goal is to create sufficient market capacity to consume all scrap tires generated annually. The Council provides assistance in developing and promoting the utilization of scrap tires as a valuable resource. The Council offers a seminar (there is a fee for expenses and contribution to STMC Education and Research) on the prevention and management of scrap tire fires. At the seminar, the Council uses a document, which it developed in concert with the International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC), called Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Scrap Tire Fires [(Guidelines) IAFC and STMC, 19921. STMC also offers the document for sale. The seminar and guidelines were developed with the contribution of over a dozen experienced fire chiefs and emergency response personnel. Preventing and managing tire fires is a complex subject and many site-specific issues must be considered. Only a few of these issues are reviewed here in the following subsections. 2.5.1 Storage Site Design The Guidelines recommend the following storage site design requirements: • tire piles be limited to 6 m (20 ft) in height with maximum outside dimensions of 76 m (250 ft) by 6 m (20 ft); • the edges of the pile should be at least 15 m (50 ft) from the perimeter fence and this area should be free of debris or vegetation; • interior fire breaks should be at least 18 m (60 ft) wide; • the area extending 60 m (200 ft) from the outside perimeter of the piles should be devoid of any vegetation; 19