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Support Spacing vs. Specific Gravity <br /> Specific Gravity 2.00 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 Example:6.pipe� 150`F with 1.5 specific gravity <br /> fluid, maximum support spacing = 18.3 x 0.90 = <br /> Multiplier 0.84 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.07 16.5 ft. <br /> Adjustment Factors for Various Spans With Adjustment Factors for Various Spans With <br /> Unsupported Fitting at Change in Direction Supported Fitting at Change in Direction <br /> Span Type Factor Span Type Factor <br /> a Continuous interior or fixed end spans 1.00 a Continuous interior or fixed end spans 1.00 <br /> b Second span from supported end or 0.80 b Second span from simple supported end or 0.80 <br /> unsupported fitting unsupported fitting <br /> c+d Sum of unsupported spans at fitting <0.75* e Simple supported end span 0.67 <br /> e Simple supported end span 0.67 <br /> *For example: If continuous support is 10 ft, <br /> c+d must not exceed 7.5 It(c=3 fL and d=4.5 <br /> ft.)would satisfy this condition. <br /> 2 <br /> C? d 0 <br /> d 'D d 0 <br /> d � d <br /> a <br /> b b 10 <br /> c a <br /> THERMAL EXPANSION <br /> The effects of thermal gradients on piping systems may be 5. Terminal equipment load limits <br /> significant and should be considered in every piping system 6. Support movements <br /> stress analysis. Pipe line movements due to thermal expansion <br /> or contraction may cause high stresses or even buckle a pipe line A comprehensive review of temperature effects on fiberglass pipe <br /> if improperly restrained. Several piping system designs are used may be found in NOV Fiber Glass Systems' "Engineering and <br /> to manage thermal expansion and contraction in above ground Piping Design Guide", Manual No. E5000,Section 3. <br /> piping systems. They are listed below according to economic <br /> preference: <br /> 1. Use of inherent flexibility in directional changes Change in Pipe Change <br /> 2. Restraining axial movements and guiding to prevent Temperature in Length <br /> buckling `F (In1100 Ft) <br /> 3. Use expansion loops to absorb thermal movements <br /> 4. Use mechanical expansion joints to absorb thermal 25 0.26 <br /> movements 50 0.53 <br /> 75 0.79 <br /> To perform a thermal analysis the following information is <br /> required: 100 1.06 <br /> 1. Isometric layout of piping system 125 1.32 <br /> 2. Physical and material properties of pipe 150 1.58 <br /> 3. Design temperatures <br /> 4. Installation temperature(final tie in temperature) 175 1.85 <br /> 6 <br />