|
11 im1u
<br /> iuiu;11 11H ,, mi i i iui'r�1:: uu i p i p uuim,quimu!11111ii ilii i iuuuomui 111111 ,�r,yi i,1�.
<br /> '
<br /> 72'138 Federal Register /'Vol. 45 No. 212 �t Thursday October N30 1 80 r Ruies and Regulations
<br /> begin taken
<br /> of other ng the Production
<br /> Generated From Y'i0a
<br /> 'The
<br /> rocess thereforetes ,are eroverwhelmingly
<br /> g en as a result
<br /> regulatory action taken concerning
<br /> m-bearing,wastes I On July 16,1980;the.Agency adopted in the.trivalent.state.Iiraddltiorr,
<br /> regulation
<br /> of Ctdous waste managment as an interim final listing,under 40 CFR: leachate and groundwater monitoring,
<br /> elsewhere Int us
<br /> underthe
<br /> program published data submitted'byin'dividual tanners'
<br /> his Part XI of this Federal §261.32 Wastewater treatment sludges' indicate`that the,chromium'.contained in
<br /> Register. from TiO2production via the chloride mese wastes has'low migratory
<br /> process(see 45 FR at 47934).On under
<br /> E"E
<br /> Aood also that it has:very,
<br /> R 83 on ub icat oc dos n 1 for mss reevaluation, a beta se it is notAo list limiconted mobilitii ity shou d mg ation occur;'
<br /> actspotential
<br /> publication. this waste stream because it is derived
<br /> public docket from a trivalent chromium-based firmin that these wastes contain
<br /> regulation is located in Room 2711,U.S. process and.contains trivalent chromium. cong
<br /> Environmental Protection Agency,401 M exclusively or virtually exclusively.The chrome(III),rather than the highly
<br /> St.,S.W;,Washington,D.C.20460,and.is titanium dioxide production process. mobile hexavalent chromium:
<br /> available for viewing from 9 a.m.to 4 results in a waste stream.which contains. Certain tanning wastes were listed
<br /> pp m.,Monday through Friday,excluding chromium(III)chloride.The presence of because of the presence of lead.
<br /> helidays, this compound results from the fact that Substantial data submitted by industry
<br /> S N Te of Solid
<br /> contain as much ass raw indicate convincingly;however,that
<br /> FOR
<br /> ) e.The chromium:-% more ulatoun.significant"roesnning
<br /> Waste(WI�iew A.�585j�IJ S Environmental' chromium(In o�edite ore lead
<br /> ' '
<br /> trans Office d is not typically used in the to
<br /> process,nods It found in process-,
<br /> Protection Agency,401 M St„S.
<br /> bearing waste:stream from this process g y
<br /> Washington,T D.C.20466 ,A ) • 87. thus contains chromium only in the amounts.or concentrations.We
<br /> SUPPLEMENTARY'ftY irtt o 1 f 71oN71 Trivalent form;and the resulting consequently believe°continue&listing
<br /> I.Decision To Dehst W" From wastewater sludges'.therefore are not on this:basis is-inappropriate:
<br /> and F TO,- expected to contain any hexavalent
<br /> antes Furthermore;thesewastesremain '
<br /> Production From the Leather subject to the EP toxicity characteristic,
<br /> chromium.
<br /> g, g Industry so that-those wastes containing
<br /> Tannin and Finishing
<br /> In other regulatory action taken today, B. Wastes Generated by the Leather excessive concentrations of.l'ead will
<br /> thegal regulatory,s indicated" Two: ought into the hazardous waste`
<br /> regulating
<br /> principal
<br /> chmiubee wastes waste lis m Agency's
<br /> MayledIndustry
<br /> se�seven waste still ag ment system.
<br /> enc ha that its g g y
<br /> rindconcern-in The enc 's May 19 interim final. management
<br /> g.• wastewater treatment sludges
<br /> under the hazardous waste management streams generated by the.leather, ' were listed as hazardous:due to:
<br /> program is hexavalent rather than total tanning and"finishing industry:(EPA reactivity,more pecifieallybeeause'of
<br /> cbroml'um.The Agency,consequently Hazardous.Waste Numbers K053-059), the possibility of release-of harmful
<br /> has reviewed'all of the interim finaiand These wastes-were listed-for the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide-ga&
<br /> a
<br /> proposed
<br /> Subpart
<br /> wast listings
<br /> con 0 CFR Part presence of chromium,.ehromium and 'under usual waste management.
<br /> . gs in ..
<br /> wast
<br /> rt D w 1 chromlum as lead,and(iii.the case.of the wastewater conditions.-Historical.waste
<br /> treatment;sludges generated by plants,iir, management.datwsubmitted,by industry:
<br /> reevaluated"the`cue wastes
<br /> listed due a if certain subcategories)'chromium and' indicates;}owever,,that.harmful release
<br /> o cern,and,
<br /> the should con to reactivity.With respect to chromium,; of.hydiogen<sulFide does-not occur
<br /> the pres'en'ce of'chromium.We have , the Agency has determined that these- typically and frequentiyin.waster
<br /> decided that two groups of wastes;those wastes contain exclusively or virtually. management.practice.Rather,.this
<br /> from titanium dioxide production by-theexclusively trivalent chrome and problem is more likely, to occur during
<br /> chloride process,and those from-leather therefore do not warrantlisting on this the tanning process,prior to waste
<br /> tanning and finishing,no longer should- basis.The leather tanning process ,generation.(Comments.of Robert M.
<br /> be listed due to chromium.We have depends on the chemical reaction of Lollar,.Technical Director,,Tanners'
<br /> further determined that leather tanning trivalent chromium with.the free amine. Council of`America,August.12,.1980.),
<br /> and finishing industry wastes also. and hydroxyl groups on the hides'. We have,determined to delist these.
<br /> should not be listed for any other basis protein chains.This reaction will.nott sludges for reactivity,We again note,
<br /> at the present time.We consequently occur if hexavalent chromium is used,so however,that the wastes remain subject
<br /> are delisting both groups of wastes.' that there is a very strong commercial to the reactivity characteristic,;so that.
<br /> We also reviewed all ofour other justification for the absence of these wastes should be deemed
<br /> listings of chromium-bearing wastes. hexavalent chromium in.these wastes.: hazardous if harmful hydrogen sulfide
<br /> (except for those wastes for which the Although it is true that if:the:trivalent generation occurs,or has occurred,
<br /> comment period has been extended), tanning,agent isnot readily or during,waste.i3anagement.For exam ie,:
<br /> asters y in sighrom material.athechrmmium'istartin reduced'
<br /> if a generator release
<br /> of prior
<br /> We believe that all of these other tanneries
<br /> es are likes to conte nifcant hexavalent chrome as a starting � dangerous rt;lease.of hydrogen_sulfide,in
<br /> concentrations of hexavalent c managing these-sludges,for.example,
<br /> and therefort's we are not amending our to the trivalent state either before use in° from storing these sludges in enclose&
<br /> Initialfurther that the tanning,process or in situ during,the.` tanks,EPA must be`notified'that the
<br /> y listings.wastes
<br /> than c listed'for tanning process(p."two bath"process wastes are,reactive,.and the wastes
<br /> man of"these wasfes ar
<br /> constituents otherhromium,.and now largely obsolete) .Both economics must be managed pursuant to Subtitle`C.
<br /> our actions today do not in any way and the recognized,Krigers inherent.in. regulatory controls.We.also.noteahat
<br /> affect these ad
<br /> • the Ageiiayis working;to quantify the
<br /> ditional bases for Ilstin hexavalent chromium serve to assure:,, present provision in the reactivity
<br /> g zthe ecessary risk in handling
<br /> I We also are removing any reference to these the conversion to-the ttivalent form.3. characteristic.governing hydrogen
<br /> wastes Vom,Appendix VIf to hart 2M. sulfide.and:hydrogen,cyanide7generating
<br /> 3We also note that the Agency may choose not to
<br /> he
<br /> fir llze the histingutcartaln of`these..wasle°streams 'Phys,in one trivatannilent
<br /> chromium
<br /> visited travai
<br /> for Indcp cadent masons when finalWng.the May 19 Agency,when trivalent chromium is not available;a' hexavalent chromium.to ensure that reduction will
<br /> Interim Itnal list of hazardous wastes. twenty'percent°excess of reductant is added'to the go to completion.
<br /> w
<br /> tl'ii
<br />
|