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r Chemical Sampling Generally, a routine mineral analyses (determination of the concentrations of the common minerals such as calcium, sodium, chloride, sulfate, etc.) plus analyses for selected minor elements will suffice, particularly where there is no prior knowledge of the chemical quality of the water in the area where the well is located. Where quality conditions in the surrounding area are known, a more selective analysis may be made. For specified uses it may also be desirable to make analysis for concentrations of certain constituents (such as iron and manganese in the case of domestic water or boron in irrigation water). Organic chemicals are not routinely determined. Information or advice on chemical quality conditions may be obtained from local agencies such as the county farm advisors, health departments, etc. The sample should be collected after the well has APPENDIX E been pumped long enough to remove standing water and develop- ment and disinfectant chemicals, and to ensure that water $IHLIOGR PHr from the producing formation(s) has entered the well. The water sample should be collected in a chemically clean container, preferably one obtained from the laboratory that will perform the analysis. The container should be rinsed several times with the water to be sampled prior to collect- ing the sample. The laboratory performing the analysis should issue instructions regarding the quantity of sample required'and whether or not preservatives are needed. However, one-half gallon (1.9 litres) is usually sufficient for a routine mineral analysis; one gallon (3.8 litres) when analysis for minor elements (i.e., iron, manganese, etc.) is also required. Sample quantities for organic chemicals vary according to the type of analysis, and range from very small amounts up to several gallons (litres). In addition, where organic chemicals are to be determined, special sampling procedures and equipment may be required. This is partic- ularly true for volatile organic compounds. In all cases the temperature of the water should be determined immediately upon collection of the sample. 83