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SOP-010 Standard Operating Procedure Well Construction Page 2 of 11 Revision No. 0 March 2020 Sharpe Army Depot Extraction Well A well primarily used to remove contaminated groundwater. Grout For this SOP, the term "grout" consists of a neat cement grout generally containing three to five percent bentonite powder to water by weight. The grout is emplaced as a slurry. When properly set and cured, it is capable of restricting the movement of water. Hollow-Stem Auger Drilling A drilling method using augers with open centers. The augers are advanced with a screwing or rotating motion into the ground. Cuttings are brought to the surface by the rotating action of the augers, thereby clearing the borehole. Air Rotary Casing Hammer Drilling A drilling method using a nonrotating drive casing that is advanced simultaneously with a slightly smaller diameter rotary bit attached to a string of drill pipe. The drive casing is a heavy-walled, threaded pipe that allows for pass-through of the rotary drill bit inside the center of the casing. Air is forced down through the center drill pipe to the bit, and then upward through the space between the drive casing and the drill pipe. The upward return stream removes cuttings from the bottom of the borehole. Mud Rotary Drilling For the purposes of this SOP, the term "mud rotary drilling" refers to direct circulation (as opposed to reverse circulation) mud rotary drilling. Mud rotary drilling uses a rotating drill bit that is attached to the lower end of a string of drill pipe. Drilling mud is pumped down through the inside of the drill pipe and out through the bit. The mud then flows upward in the annular space between the borehole and the drill pipe, carrying the cuttings in suspension to the surface. Dual-tube Percussion Drilling A drilling method using nonrotating drive casing with a bit on the bottom of the casing string. A smaller diameter tube or drill pipe is positioned inside the drive casing. The drive casing is advanced using a percussion hammer, thereby causing the bit to cut or break up the sediment or soil at the bottom of the boring. Air is forced down the annular space between the drive casing and inner drill pipe. The cuttings are forced up the center of the inner drill pipe. Monitoring Well A well that provides for the collection of representative groundwater samples, the detection and collection of representative light and dense nonaqueous phase organic liquids, and the measurement of fluid levels.