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SOP-012 Standard Operating Procedure <br />Aquifer Testing Page 2 of 18 <br />REVISION NO. 0 <br />March 2020 <br /> <br />Sharpe Army Depot <br /> <br />observation wells are not available and water level monitoring is limited to only the pumping well. <br /> <br />Cone of Depression - A depression in the groundwater table or potentiometric surface that has the shape of an inverted cone around a well from which water is being withdrawn. <br /> <br />Confined or Artesian Aquifer - An aquifer that is overlain and underlain by confining layers of lower hydraulic conductivity and, at a given point, the total head of the aquifer is higher than the base of the upper confining layer. <br /> <br />Drawdown (s) - The difference between the height of the static water level and that of the water level in a well during pumping or water withdrawal. Or, in a confined aquifer, the reduction of the pressure head as a result of the withdrawal of free water. <br /> <br />Discharge (Q) - Volume of water removed per unit of time (l3/t). <br /> l = length <br /> <br />Electric Well Tape or Electric Tape - A water level measuring device that uses a light, or sounds a buzzer, to show that the end of the tape has entered the water. The water in the well completes an electric circuit that turns on the light or sounds a buzzer. The tape is graduated to show the depth. <br /> <br />Flow Regulator - Flow regulators (flow controllers) are used to control the discharge rate (in volume/time) of water from the well while pumping. The discharge from the mechanical pump is normally set at a constant rate. <br /> <br />Hydraulic Conductivity (K) - A quantitative measure of the ability of a porous material to transmit a fluid. Also defined as the volume of water that will flow through a unit cross-sectional area of porous material per unit time under a unit hydraulic gradient (l/t). Hydraulic conductivity is dependent upon the properties of the material and fluid. <br /> l = length