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SOP-012 Standard Operating Procedure Aquifer Testing Page 3 of 18 REVISION NO. 0 March 2020 Sharpe Army Depot Measuring Point - A fixed and clearly identified point of reference from which water levels in a monitoring well may be measured. It is generally established on the upper rim of the outer protective well casing and has a surveyed location and elevation. Mechanical Pump - An electric-powered water pump used to withdraw water from the well during a pumping test. Observation Well - A non-pumping well used to observe the groundwater levels during pumping testing. Potentiometric Surface - The surface defined by water levels from multiple tightly cased wells that penetrate an aquifer or hydrogeologic unit. Also, a map of the hydraulic head of an aquifer. Pressure Transducer and Data Logger - An electric sensor that can accurately measure hydrostatic pressure. By relating hydrostatic pressure to depth below the water level, the water level can be electronically measured as the transducer is held in the water. Periodic water level measurements can be stored by the data logger for later recall and data evaluation. Recovery - The time rate of return to the static water level during a slug test or after cessation of pumping. This is related to the aquifer's response to the change in water level during the aquifer test. After the water level has been raised or lowered by raising or lowering the slugging rod, or after the pump is turned off during a pumping test, the water will return to static conditions (static water level). Saturated Thickness (b) - For unconfined aquifers, the interval between the water table and base of the unconfined water-bearing unit. For confined aquifers, the interval between the base of the upper confining unit and the top of the lower confining unit.