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Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Technical Report Griffith Energy Storage Project 3.4 IMPACT ANALYSIS 3.4.1 Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? Construction Emissions Less Than Significant Impact. Construction of the Project would increase GHG generation, which can contribute to global climate change. This analysis is provided in response to recent heightened interest in the subject of global climate change and, specifically, in the California legislature's passage and the Governor's signing of AB 32, which is intended to control and reduce the emission of global warming gases in California; and SB 97, which directs the Office of Planning and Resr5earch and the California Resources Agency to develop CEQA Guidelines on how local agencies should analyze and, if necessary, mitigate for GHG emissions. Construction emissions would be associated with vehicle engine exhaust from construction equipment and vehicles, vendor trips, construction worker commuting trips, and the stationary generators to be used during construction. Construction-related GHG emissions are considered temporary and short term. As shown in Table 12, short-term construction CO2e emissions will not exceed the annual GHG threshold. Table 12. Estimated Annual Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions Total Project Emissions Emissions(Metric tons) Construction GHG Emissions 2,307 0.43 0.05 Global Warming Equivalence Factor 1 25 298 Equivalent CO2e Emissions' 2,307 11 15 Total Construction GHG(CO2e) 2,333 Total Construction GHG(CO2e) 78 Amortized Emissions over 30 Years Equivalent CO2e Emissions=Construction GHG Emissions x Global Warming Equivalent Factor Operational Emissions Less Than Significant Impact. Operation of the Project would generate GHG emissions through motor vehicle trips to and from the Project site, occasional use of heavy-duty trucks, landscaping, waste generation, water use, and potential leakage from gas-insulated circuit breakers (area source). The CalEEMod was used to calculate the annual GHG emissions based on the operational assumptions described in Section 2.4.2.2. Additionally, GHG emissions associated with SF6-insulated circuit breakers at the on-site substation were calculated based on up to 320 pounds of SF6 contained in equipment, an annual leak rate of 0.5 percent, and a GWP of 22,800. The estimated operational GHG emissions from area sources, energy usage, motor vehicles, and emergency generator are shown in Table 13. Table 13. Estimated Annual Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions Annual Emissions(Metric tons) Operational GHG Emissions 13.6 0.2 0 0.000726 0.008 Global Warming Equivalence Factor 1 25 298 22,800 1,430 Equivalent CO2e Emissions' 13.6 4.6 0 16.6 11.44 Total Operational GHG Emissions 46 OTETRA TECH 37 July 2023