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Heat Illness Prevention Program 2.23 and the type (i.e., color, weight breathability) of the clothing we select. In addition, personal factors such as age, weight, fitness, drug/alcohol use and prior history of heat-related illness need to be considered. Heat cramps are brought on by prolonged exposure to heat. As an individual sweats, water and salts are lost by the body resulting in painful muscle cramps. The signs and symptoms of heat stress are as follows: • Severe muscle cramps, usually in the legs and abdomen; • Exhaustion, often to the point of collapse; and • Dizziness or periods of faintness. First aid treatment includes, but is not limited to, shade, rest, and fluid replacement. Typically, the individual should recover within one-half hour while being monitored constantly. If the individual has not improved substantially within 30 minutes and the body temperature has not decreased, the individual should be transported to a hospital for medical attention. Heat Exhaustion Heat exhaustion may occur in a healthy individual who has been exposed to excessive heat while working or exercising. The circulatory system of the individual fails as blood collects near the skin to rid the body of excess heat through transference. The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion are as follows: • Rapid and shallow breathing; • Weak pulse; • Cold and clammy skin with heavy perspiration; • Skin appears pale; • Fatigue and weakness; • Dizziness; and • Elevated body temperature. First aid treatment includes, but is not limited to, cooling the victim, elevating the feet, and replacing fluids. If the individual is not substantially improved within 30 minutes and the body temperature has not decreased, the individual should be transported to the hospital for medical attention. Heat Stroke Heat stroke occurs when an individual is exposed to excessive heat and stops sweating. This condition is classified as a MEDICAL EMERGENCY requiring immediate cooling of the victim and transport to a medical facility.The signs and symptoms of heat stroke are as follows: • Dry, hot red skin; • Body temperature approaching or above 105 degrees F; • Confusion, altered mental state, slurred speech; • Seizures; • Large (dilated) pupils; and • Loss of consciousness—the individual may go into a coma. 6/2021 Corporate Health and Safety Management Program I ROUX 17