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LLNL Emergency Plan Rev-22 January 2017 16 1.4.2 Physical Attributes of the Sites 1.4.2.1 Geography LLNL consists of two sites, the main Laboratory site located in Livermore, California (Site 200) in Alameda County, and the Experimental Test Site (Site 300) located near Tracy, California, on the border between San Joaquin and Alameda counties (see Figure 1.1). The Livermore site is located approximately forty miles east of San Francisco in the Livermore valley in southern Alameda County, State of California. The downtown area of the City of Livermore lies about three miles to the west of the Livermore site. In addition to Livermore, notable urban areas to the west of LLNL are the cities of Pleasanton, Dublin, Danville, and San Ramon, and the densely-populated San Francisco Bay Area. Urban areas lying in the general northerly direction from the Livermore site are the cities of Concord, Walnut Creek, Brentwood, Oakley, Pittsburg, and Antioch; while Tracy, Manteca, Stockton, and Modesto are to the east. To the southwest lie the densely-populated cities of Santa Clara County, including San Jose. Site 300 covers approximately 11 square miles or 7,000 acres and is located 18 miles southeast of the Livermore site (Site 200), approximately 6.5 miles southwest of downtown Tracy, California. 1.4.2.2 Topography and Geology The Livermore site, which is roughly one square mile, is located in the southeastern part of the Livermore valley within the eastern boundary of the City of Livermore. The valley is situated in a section of the California coast range that lies between San Francisco Bay on the west and the northern San Joaquin valley to the east. The Livermore valley is primarily of low relief, although it does contain scattered groups of hills that rise from 300 to 600 meters above the valley floor. Site 300 is located in the southeastern Altamont Hills of the Diablo range. The topography of Site 300 consists of a series of steep hills and canyons generally oriented northwest to southeast. The site is underlain by gently dipping sedimentary bedrock dissected by steep ravines. The bedrock consists of interbedded conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, and claystones. The bedrock within Site 300 has been slightly deformed into several gentle, low-amplitude folds. The locations and characteristics of these folds, in combination with the regional fault and fracture patterns, locally influence groundwater flow within the site. Although LLNL’s Site 200 and Site 300 are somewhat removed from the largest and most active earthquake faults in California, both sites are located close to lesser active and potentially active faults. The most important of these are the Calaveras and Greenville faults. The Carnegie-Corral Hollow Fault system passes through Site 300 and 3 km east of Site 200. Additional information regarding earthquake potential is discussed in Section 1.4.2.5 below.